validity

Question 1

validity

Answer 1

the extent to which an observed effect is genuine

Question 2

internal validity

Answer 2

when the study measures what it claims to measure and extraneous variables are controlled

Question 3

external validity

Answer 3

when the results of the study generalised to other situations and people

Question 4

face validity

Answer 4

to determine whether it appears to measure what is supposed to measure

Question 5

concurrent validity

Answer 5

the extent to which a psychological measure relates to an existing similar measure

Question 6

ecological validity

Answer 6

when the results of a study generalise how ppl behave in everyday life

Question 7

temporal validity

Answer 7

when the results of the study generalise across time

Question 8

population validity

Answer 8

when the research of the study generalise to other populations

Question 9

name 4 ways of improving validity

Answer 9

experiments
questionnaires
observations
qualitative research

Question 10

experiments

Answer 10

• standardise procedures to minimise the impact of participant reactivity and investigator
• the use of single blind and double blind procedures is designed to achieve the same aim

Question 11

single blind procedure

Answer 11

participants are not made aware of the aim of a study until they have taken part - reduces the effect of demand characteristics

Question 12

double blind study

Answer 12

third party conducts the investigation without knowing its main purpose

Question 13

questionnaires

Answer 13

incorporate a lie scale within the questions in order to assess the consistency of a respondents response to control for the effects of social desirability bias
- validity further enhanced by ensuring respondents that all data submitted will remain anonymous

Question 14

observations

Answer 14

produce findings that have high ecological validity as there may be minimal intervention by the researcher
- observer remains undetected, as in covert observations - natural and authentic

Question 15

qualitative research

Answer 15

• in depth and detail associated with case studies and interviews
• researchers may still have to demonstrate interpretive validity of the conclusions

Question 16

trangulation

Answer 16

the use of different sources as evidence for example data compiled interviews with friends and family, personal diaries, observations, etc.