types of bias

Question 1

culture bias

Answer 1

when a research and theories conducted developed in one culture are applied perhaps inappropriately to another

Question 2

gender bias

Answer 2

• alpha bias is where the difference betwrrn males and females are exaggerated or over emphasised
• beta bias is where differences betwern males and femlaes are minimised or ignored

Question 3

how to control acquiescence bias ?

Answer 3

reword the question, avoid yes/ no or true/false answers

Question 4

how to control interviewer bias ?

Answer 4

standardilisation of questions
double blund procedure
inter-interview reliability

Question 5

how to control observer bias ?

Answer 5

behaviour checklists
inter-observer reliability
double blind procedure

Question 6

how to control publication bias ?

Answer 6

journals ensure they publish all types of psychological reseawith different findings

Question 7

how to control researcher bias ?

Answer 7

random allocation
change sampling technique
counterbalancing

Question 8

how to control response bias ?

Answer 8

avoid jargon
double baralled questions
double negative questions

Question 9

how to control sample bias ?

Answer 9

use a more representative technique e.g random or stratified

Question 10

how to control social desirability bias ?

Answer 10

use a single blind technique
ensure anonymity, conformity and privacy

Question 11

how to control volunteer bias ?

Answer 11

use different sampling technique, anonymity, confidentiality

Question 12

how to control extraneous or confounding variables ?

Answer 12

standardised procedurs, controlled lab environment

Question 13

how to control participant variables ?

Answer 13

random allocation

Question 14

how to control order effects ?

Answer 14

counter balancing

Question 15

how to control demand characteristics?

Answer 15

single blind procedure

Question 16

how to control investigator effects ?

Answer 16

double blind procedure
standardisation
randomisation
counterbalancing

Question 17

how to control participant reactivity ?

Answer 17

single blind procedure

Question 18

acquiescence bias - define

Answer 18

individuals are likely to agree with something regardless of how they actually feel

Question 19

interviewer bias - define

Answer 19

distortion of response related to the person questioning informants in research

Question 20

observer bias - define

Answer 20

when a researcher’s expectations, perspectives, opinions, or prejudices impact the results of an experiment

Question 21

publication bias - define

Answer 21

selective publication of research studies based on their results

Question 22

researcher bias - define

Answer 22

systematic error or deviation from the truth that can affect the results and conclusions of a research study

Question 23

response bias - define

Answer 23

where ppl do no not answer questions truthfully for some reason

Question 24

sample bias - define

Answer 24

when some members of a population are systematically more likely to be selected in a sample than others

Question 25

social desirability bias - define

Answer 25

when survey respondents answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favourably by others

Question 26

volunteer bias - define

Answer 26

when participants choose if they want to part of a study

Question 27

extraneous variables/ confounding variables - define

Answer 27

affects the outcomes of your answers

Question 28

participant variables - define

Answer 28

when the participants involved in research respond in a manner that suggests they are trying to match up with the desired results of the researcher

Question 29

order effects - define

Answer 29

where a respondent may react differently to questions based on the order

Question 30

demand characteristics - define

Answer 30

cues that might indicate the research objectives to participants

Question 31

investigator effects - define

Answer 31

when a researcher unintentionally influences the outcome of any research they are conducting

Question 32

participant reactivity - define

Answer 32

which the responses and/ or behaviours of study participants are affected by their awareness that they are a part of the study