Vaccines Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a vaccine?

A

Contains dead pathogen which stimulates the production of antibodies

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2
Q

Vaccines protect people against disease. Explain how. (5)

A

Vaccines contain dead pathogens
Memory cells made
On second exposure memory cells produce antibodies
Rapidly produces antibodies
Antibodies destroy pathogens

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3
Q

What is herd immunity?

A

‘If enough people are vaccinated
against a disease, it is not possible for
a disease to spread through a
population’

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4
Q

What is antigenic variability?

A

• Some pathogens change their surface antigens.
• Formed due to changes in genes (mutations) within the pathogen
• Memory cells don’t recognise the different antigens –
new primary response

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5
Q

What is active immunity?

A
  • it requires exposure to an antigen
  • the body makes it own antibodies
  • develops slowly
  • Long-term because memory cells enable
    faster antibody production on re-infection
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6
Q

What is passive immunity?

A
  • doesnt require exposure to antigen
  • body given antibodies made by someone else
  • immediate
  • Short-term protection as antibodies are
    broken down and no memory cells are made
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