Mutations Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a mutation?

A

A change in the dna base sequence

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2
Q

How are gene mutations caused?

A

Spontaneous errors during dna replication (interphase)

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3
Q

What are mutagenic agents?

A

They increase the likelihood of gene mutations as they damage dna

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4
Q

What is a point mutation?

A

Only one nucleotide is changed. Usually a substitution

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5
Q

What is a frameshift mutation?

A

Insertion or deletion of one nucleotide. This changes every codon from the point of mutation so a completely different protein is made

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6
Q

What is nonsense?

A

The mutation results in one of the 3 stop codons.

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7
Q

What is mis-sense?

A

Results in a different amino acid sequence being coded for.
E.g. GTC -> GAC

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8
Q

What is silent mutation?

A

Although it is a different codon, the same amino acid is coded for

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9
Q

What happens in sickle cell anemia?

A

One base is changed which changes the structure of the protein meaning it polymerises more readily in low oxygen

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10
Q

What is called when one triplet codes for more than one amino acid?

A

Degenerate code

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