Mass Transport Flashcards
What are arteries?
• Carry blood away
from the heart
• Thick muscular and
elastic wall made of
connective tissue
• Blood is under
higher pressure than
in veins
What are veins?
•Transport blood into
the heart
•Large Lumen
•Valves prevent blood
flowing backwards
•Lower pressure
What are capillaries?
Single cell thick –short diffusion distance
Permeable –substances can be
exchanged with tissues
What is epithelium?
a type of body tissue which covers surfaces and lines body cavities and hollow organs
What is the basic structure of a blood vessel?
• Wall- Made of muscle, elastic
tissue and a fibrous outer layer - vary in
thickness depending on the vessel
• lumen- gap in the middle of the blood vessel, what the blood travels through
• endothelium
What is the lining layer for?
Smooth to prevent friction
What is the elastic layer for?
Maintains blood pressure, stretches and springs back
What is the muscle layer for?
Contracts to control flow of blood
What is the tough outer layer for?
Resists pressure within and outside
What is the function of the arteriole?
Can control blood flow through
constriction/dilation
How is the arteriole adapted?
Thick muscle layer to control
blood flow
Elastic layer is thinner than
arteries as blood is at a lower
pressure
What is the function of the capillary?
Allows substances to be exchanged between blood and exchange surface (e.g. ileum, alveoli)
What is the function of the vein?
Transports blood into the heart
Model answer artery
• Thick muscle layer – can control blood flow through
constriction/dilation (only in smaller arteries/arterioles)
• Thick elastic layer – for elastic recoil/smooths blood flow
• Overall thick wall – to withstand high pressure from the
heart
• No valves – not needed as pressure is high
• Lumen is relatively narrow
Model answer arteriole
• Similar to arteries but:
• Muscle layer is proportionally thick so blood flow can be controlled.
• Can control blood flow through constriction/dilation
• Elastic layer is thinner than arteries as blood is at a