Vaccinations

Question 1

What is the function of a vaccine?

Answer 1

It provided immunity to specific disease.

Question 2

How do vaccines work?

Answer 2

By exposing a person to a dead or weak antigen from a disease. So they can make the antibodies and memory cells against them

Question 3

What antigenic material is used?

Answer 3

Whole live organisms
A harmless or weak version of the pathogenic organism
A dead pathogen
A preparation of the antigens from a pathogen
A toxoid

Question 4

What is herd vaccination?

Answer 4

This is using a vaccine to provide immunity to all of almost all of the population risk, so that the disease can’t spread to achieve ‘herd immunity’.

Question 5

What is needed for a vaccination to work?

Answer 5

It was necessary to vaccinated almost all the population, around 95% to prevent the spread of measles

Question 6

How many of the population was vaccinated to eradicate smallpox?

Answer 6

80-85%

Question 7

What vaccines are given to children in the UK?

Answer 7

Diphtheria, tetanus, polio, measles, mumps and rubella are given to young children so they aren’t infected with the serious diseases

Question 8

What is ring vaccination?

Answer 8

It is used when a new case of a disease is reported and those in the immediate vicinity of the new case. It also may be used on the surrounding houses, or whole village or town.

Question 9

When are ring vaccinations used?

Answer 9

Ring vaccination is also used in also in many parts of the world to control the spread of livestock disease.

Question 10

What can be done to control a disease?

Answer 10

Once a disease has been eradicated or reduced to such a low incidence that is it unlikely to spread then the vaccination program can be relaxed.

Question 11

What could cause a disease to resurge?

Answer 11

The pathogens can go through genetic mutations which change their antigens. The memory cells against them no longer work, so the vaccine won’t be affective.

Question 12

How are the changes in diseases monitored?

Answer 12

They help authorities to prepare for tbe epidemic by stockpiling suitable vaccines and vaccinating those who are vulnerable to the disease

Question 13

Biological reasons why a vaccine can’t be made?

Answer 13

Too many strains due to mutations, so different clavicle such needed for each strain
Parasites can hide in cells and only expose themselves for a short time

Question 14

What is the effect of a disease being resistant to antibiotics?

Answer 14

Can become untreatable, causing a potential for an epidemic and it is expensive to make a new vaccine