Classification Flashcards
What is classification?
Putting things into groups
What are the reasons for classifying?
Convenient
More manageable
Easier to identify organisms
Shows relationships
What is classification based on?
Based on a range of features
What is analogous classification?
Classifying features with the same function
What is homologous classification?
A feature with the same evolutionary origins
What is domain?
The highest taxonomy
What are the domains?
Archaea
Eubacteria
Eukaryotes
What are the parts of the kingdom?
Animalia Fungi Plantae Protoctista Prokarya
What comes before and after the phylum group?
Before - kingdom
After - class
What comes before and after the taxonomy ‘class’?
Before - phylum
After - order
What is the order group for?
A subdivision of additional elements in the organism
Eg. Carnivore and Herbivore
What is the family group for?
A group of closely related genera
What is the genus group for?
A group of closely related species
What is the order of taxonomy
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Define a species in the binomial naming system?
A group of organisms with similar characteristics that interbreed to produce fertile offspring
What is the binomial naming system?
Naming species by their genus and species
What is special when writing a Latin name?
Use italics for Latin names
Capital for genus, small for species
What was the reason for using the binomial system?
Avoids different common names in different areas/languages
No need for translation
Universal Latin name
Less confusion
What is a species in the phylogenetic system?
A group of organisms with similar appearance, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and genetics
What is is positives of using the phylogenetic system?
Avoids confusion with species that reproduce asexually or are fossils
Why is biochemistry important?
Important to use a variety of evidence as observable anatomy can lead to mistakes
How can we prove classification using proteins?
We can compare the differences and similarities between 2 species to see how closely related they are
What is artificial classification?
Organisms are classified based on: Only a few characteristics Does not reflect any evolutionary relationships Provides limited information Is stable
Give an example of artificial classification
Using a flower guidebook to pick out flowers you see
What is natural classification?
Natural classification: Uses many characteristics Reflects evolutionary relationships Provides more useful information May change with advancing knowledge
Give an example of natural classification
Classifying with the 3 domains theory
What is phylogeny?
The study of evolutionary relationships between species
Why is phylogeny used?
It studies how close 2 species are and how they are related
What is a common ancestor?
An ancestor of 2 species that split and evolved to make 2 species
