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Biology 4 > Classification > Flashcards

Classification Flashcards

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1
Q

What is classification?

A

Putting things into groups

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2
Q

What are the reasons for classifying?

A

Convenient
More manageable
Easier to identify organisms
Shows relationships

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3
Q

What is classification based on?

A

Based on a range of features

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4
Q

What is analogous classification?

A

Classifying features with the same function

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5
Q

What is homologous classification?

A

A feature with the same evolutionary origins

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6
Q

What is domain?

A

The highest taxonomy

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7
Q

What are the domains?

A

Archaea
Eubacteria
Eukaryotes

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8
Q

What are the parts of the kingdom?

A 
Animalia
Fungi
Plantae 
Protoctista 
Prokarya
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9
Q

What comes before and after the phylum group?

A

Before - kingdom

After - class

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10
Q

What comes before and after the taxonomy ‘class’?

A

Before - phylum

After - order

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11
Q

What is the order group for?

A

A subdivision of additional elements in the organism

Eg. Carnivore and Herbivore

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12
Q

What is the family group for?

A

A group of closely related genera

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13
Q

What is the genus group for?

A

A group of closely related species

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14
Q

What is the order of taxonomy

A 
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum 
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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15
Q

Define a species in the binomial naming system?

A

A group of organisms with similar characteristics that interbreed to produce fertile offspring

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16
Q

What is the binomial naming system?

A

Naming species by their genus and species

17
Q

What is special when writing a Latin name?

A

Use italics for Latin names

Capital for genus, small for species

18
Q

What was the reason for using the binomial system?

A

Avoids different common names in different areas/languages
No need for translation
Universal Latin name
Less confusion

19
Q

What is a species in the phylogenetic system?

A

A group of organisms with similar appearance, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and genetics

20
Q

What is is positives of using the phylogenetic system?

A

Avoids confusion with species that reproduce asexually or are fossils

21
Q

Why is biochemistry important?

A

Important to use a variety of evidence as observable anatomy can lead to mistakes

22
Q

How can we prove classification using proteins?

A

We can compare the differences and similarities between 2 species to see how closely related they are

23
Q

What is artificial classification?

A 
Organisms are classified based on:
Only a few characteristics
Does not reflect any evolutionary relationships
Provides limited information 
Is stable
24
Q

Give an example of artificial classification

A

Using a flower guidebook to pick out flowers you see

25
Q

What is natural classification?

A 
Natural classification:
Uses many characteristics 
Reflects evolutionary relationships 
Provides more useful information 
May change with advancing knowledge
26
Q

Give an example of natural classification

A

Classifying with the 3 domains theory

27
Q

What is phylogeny?

A

The study of evolutionary relationships between species

28
Q

Why is phylogeny used?

A

It studies how close 2 species are and how they are related

29
Q

What is a common ancestor?

A

An ancestor of 2 species that split and evolved to make 2 species

Biology 4 (20 decks)

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