Primary defences Flashcards
What does non-specific mean?
Works against a range of pathogens, not dependant on specific antigens being present
How is the skin a defence mechanism
There a keratinised cells on the outer layer that stop pathogens from entering
What happens in on the skin to the cells
The cells cytoplasm is replaced by keratin so the cells die
What oil is produced on the skin?
Sebum is produced which has anti-bacterial properties
What does blood clotting do?
Blocks open wounds quickly as prevents pathogens from entering the blood stream
What does wound repair do?
Re-form the protective barrier of the skin
What do explosive reflexes do?
Removes pathogens from nose, lungs and stomach by vomiting or sneezing
What does mucus do?
Goblet cells
What does mucus do?
Mucus traps pathogens
How does mucus work with ciliates epithelium?
They waft the mucus with the pathogen away
What do cells release when they are damaged?
Histamines
What do histamines cause?
Inflation
What do histamines do?
They vasodilate so there is an increased blood flow as well as red and swelling making capillaries more permeable/ leaky so more red blood cells arrive
Why do plants release chemicals as a defence?
They provide anti microbial chemicals to defend themselves from pathogens
What are the plant chemicals targets?
They want to stop the pathogen from developing a cell wall so they have no structure