Kingdoms Flashcards
What domains does the kingdom prokaryotes fall under?
Archaea or eubacteria
What kingdoms fall into eukaryotes?
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protoctista
How can a prokaryote be described?
No nucleus or any membrane bound organelles Loops of DNA that aren’t linear Naked DNA not bound to histone Smaller ribosomes than others Many free living or parasitic cells smaller than eukaryotes
How can a protoctista be described?
Eukaryotic
Wide range of forms
Has both plant and animal like properties
Mostly free living
Are autotrophic or heterotrophic
Mostly single cell, sometimes multicellular
How can fungi be described?
Eukaryotic Can be single called it yeast a mycelium that consist of hyphae Cell wall made of chitin Cytoplasm is multinucleate Mostly free living or saprophytic
How can a plant be described?
Eukaryotic Multicellular Cell wall made of cellulose Autotrophic Have chlorophyll
How can an animal be described?
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
Can move around
What does autotrophic mean?
Absorbs simple molecules to build up into organic molecules
What does heterotrophic mean?
Digest large organisms into smaller molecules to be digested
What does saprophytic mean?
Causes decay in organic matter
Why is having kingdoms as the top tier ineffective?
Using only observational features means that certain organisms will be falsely classified with each other. It does not show how the kingdoms are related and the archaea and eubacteria are different from the rest that they should be another group
Why do we have the extra domain system?
The domains look at the molecular effect and the sequences of the DNA, RNA and polypeptides to compare the organisms
What is cytochrome C?
An essential molecule in aerobic respiration
A protein so can be sequenced
What is sequencing used for?
It is to compare the differences and similarities of the organisms. The closer the stands the more related the 2 organisms
How are archaea different from prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Their flagella have different internal structures
Different cell membrane structure
Different enzymes for RNA synthesis
DNA not bound by histones
Different mechanisms for DNA replication and RNA synthesis
