Secondary non-specific defenses Flashcards
What do red blood cells look like under a microscope?
They are small and pink with a dimple and are the most common structure in the blood
What do neutrophil look like under a microscope?
Has a multi-lobed nucleus
What do monocytes look like under a microscope?
The largest and have a kidney shaped nucleus
What do lymphocytes look like under a microscope?
Small with a large nucleus that almost fills the entire cell
What is the function of an antigen?
It is a marker on a cell as a marker for other cells that is specific to an organism
What is the function of an opsonin?
It attaches to foreign antigens in the body which helps phagocytes to bind to and engulf the proteins
What is the function of an phagocytes?
Cells that engulf and digest pathogens
What is the structure of a neutrophil?
Lobed nucleus
Many lysosomes, mitochondria and ribosomes
Flexible due to the nucleus and cytoskeleton
Where are neutrophils made?
Bone marrow
Where are neutrophils found?
Found in blood and tissue fluid
Why are neutrophils released
They are released more in response to an infection
What is the function of macrophages?
Monocytes initially then mature into macrophages in tissue
They engulf but not fully digest pathogen
They chop up the pathogen and displays antigen molecules so that the others can recognise it an become more active
Increases chance of lymphocytes being activated
Where are macrophages made?
In bone marrow
What is the function of cytokines?
Chemicals used in cell signalling and stimulate and coordinate the immune response
Can help macrophages and lymphocytes differentiate and become more active
