UWorld - Day Two Pharm Drugs

Question 1

TMP-SMX, dapsone, and antimalarials can cause hemolytic anemia in patients with what enzyme deficiency?

Answer 1

G6PD

Question 2

Is calcidiol or cancitriol the active form of vitamin D?

Answer 2

calcitriol

Question 3

teratogenicity of aminoglycosides in utero

Answer 3

ototoxicity and vestibulotoxicity (affect cn8)

Question 4

teratogenicity of TMP-SMX in utero

Answer 4

neural tube defects

Question 5

teratogenicity of tetracyclines in utero

Answer 5

teeth staining of offspring

Question 6

teratogenicity of chloramphenicol in utero

Answer 6

gray baby

Question 7

Avoid in what group:
antihistamines (diphenhydramine)
alpha blockers (orthostatic hypotension)
TCAs (sedation)
sulfonylureas (hypoglycemia)
muscle relaxants (sedation)

Answer 7

elderly

Question 8

Neuromuscular excitation: hyperreflexia, clonus, myoclonus, rigidity, tremor
Autonomic Stimulation: hyperthermia, tachycardia, diaphoresis, vomiting/diarrhea
AMS - agitation and confusion

What caused this?
The etiology is a derivative of what amino acid?

Answer 8

This is serotonin syndrome, caused by OD on SSRIs and/or MAOs.

serotonin is a derivative of tryptophan

Question 9

cyroheptadine is the antidote for what toxicity?

Answer 9

serotonin sydnrome

it’s an anti-histamine

Question 10

Antidote for benzodiazepine overdose

Answer 10

flumazenil

Question 11

Antidote for narcotic overdose

Answer 11

naloxone

Question 12

Carbamazepine, chloramphenicol, sulphonamides, parvo, EBV - all can cause what?

Answer 12

aplastic anemia

Question 13

red man syndrome - AE of what drug?

Answer 13

vancomycin

Question 14

N/V/cramy abdominal pain, paresthesias and dizziness - AE of wha drug?

Answer 14

metronidazole

Question 15

vestibular and cochlear otoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and neuromuscular paralysis - SE of what drug?

Answer 15

gentamycin

Question 16

B1 blocker effects on heart and kidney. And AE

Answer 16

heart - dec HR, decr contractility, decr O2 consumption (used in acute MI)
kidney - decr renin release

AE - worsen HF, bradycardia/Heart block

Question 17

B2 blocker effects on muscle vaculature. And AE.

Answer 17

vasospasm. AE - exacerbation of peripheral artery disease

Question 18

B2 blcoer effects on lungs and AE.

Answer 18

brocnhoconstriction

AE worsen obstructive lung disease

Question 19

B2 blocker effectson liver and AE.

Answer 19

decr glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. AE - hypoglycemia in diabetics

Question 20

B2 blocker effects on most tissues. and AE

Answer 20

decreases potsassium entry into cells. AE - hyperkalemia

Question 21

what class inhibits viral genome replication by inhibiting the 2’-5’ phosphodiester bond formation.

Answer 21

-dine class of anit-HIV

Question 22

First order kinetic drugs (dependent on drug []) reach a 95% steady state when continuously infused by how many hours?

Answer 22

4-5 half lives.

Question 23

Drug class used to tx a pt with low back pain, fatigue, hyperCa, anemia, kidney disease.

Answer 23

This is MM - use proteasome inhibitors to induce apoptosis.

Question 24

Must do TB skin test before administering this class of drugs. What is the class (and drugs) and used for what diseases?

Answer 24

TNF-alpha inhibitors. TB test bc TNF is important in granuloma formation.
etanercept - RA, psoriasis, ankylosing spndylitis
Infliximab, adalimumab - IBD and same as above

Question 25

tamixifen v. trastuzumab

Answer 25

tamixifen is for premenopausal breast cancer pts with this serm
Trastuzumab is a Human Epidermal Receptor-2 (TK-receptor) used to x breast cancer.

Question 26

Denosumab - what is it.

Answer 26

receptor activator of NFK-beta ligand (RANKL) that activates osteoclasts.

Question 27

bethanachol v. pilocarpine/carbachol as cholinergic-agonists

Answer 27

bethanachol for post op ileus
other two for galucoma to lower intraocular pressure by incrasing flow of aqueous humor

both = miosis and cholinergic potential toxicities (DUMBBELLS)

Question 28

What drugs should not be given to pts with prinzmental angina?

Answer 28

Migrane drugs - i.e. dihydroerogtamin alkaloids/tripans (cause vasoconstriction), cocaine/amphetamine, cigarette smoking

Question 29

Fenoldopam is given IV in HTN emergency - why? What are it’s effects?

Answer 29

Bc it is a D1-receptor agonist, so it activates AC which increases cAMP and causes ateriolar vasodilation, especially in renal arteries.