UW Day Six Flashcards
Age does what to CV system?
stiffens arterials
BMPR2 double hit - what inherited syndrome?
familial pulmonary fibrosis
- First hit - predisposes to excessive endothelial and smooth muscle proliferation
- Second hit - activates disease process, resulting in cardiac remodeling, elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, and progressive pulmonary HTN
Reliable = ?(aka) = ? definition
v
Accurate = ?definition
Which is the gold standard measurement?
Reliable = precise = in same area, not necessarily correct (he doesnt always do a good job, but he is reliable)
Accurate = close to the correct value all the time )gold standard measurement)
increased estrogen does what to the TBG? T3/T4?
increases TBG and the number of bound thyroid molecules, but free/active Thyroid hormone remains normal.
use what blot to descern if a gene is being expressed.
Northern blot - mRNA
what determines severity of ToF?
right ventricular outflow obstruction
a pedunculated mass in LA - scattered cells within a mucopolysaccharide stroma, abnormal blood vessels, and hemorrhage
atrial myxoma
Urinary incontinence - etiology of:
stress
urge
overflow
stress- loss of urethral support and intraabdominal pressure exceeds urethral sphincter pressure.
urge - detrusor overactivity/overcontraction
overflow - impaired detrusor contactility (impaired urination), bladder outlet obstruction
muddy brown casts are pathogneomonic for ____ (flattening of priximal tubular epithelial cell with loss of rbush border ad subsequent cell necrosis an ddenudation of tubular basement membrane)
ATN
What bug’s virulence factors?
LPS (macrophage activation and release of IL-1, 6, TNF-a) - bacteremia and septic shock
K1 capsular polysaccharide (prevents phagocytosis and complement mediated lysis) - neonatal meningitis
Verotoxin (shiga-like toxin that inactivates 60S rib., halting protein synthesis) - bloody gastroenteritis
HS/HL enterotoxins (incr fluid secretion) - watery gastroenteritis
P fibrae (adhesion to uroeptihelium) - UTI
E coli
3 MCC of meningitis in newborns
Group B strep - agalactiae
E. coli
Listeria
4 MCC of meningitis in 6mo-6years
Strep pneumo
Neisseria meningtidis
HiB
Enteroviruses
4 MCC of meningitis in 6 years to 60 years
Strep pneumo
Neisseria meningitidis
Enteroviruses
HSV
3 MCC of meningitis in 60+ years
Strep pneumo
Gram negative rods
Listeria
S-100 means?
Neural crest origin
GFAP means?
astrocyte derivative (GBM, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, peripheral nerve sheath tumor)
TNF-alpha, think what shock?
septic shock (IL-1 and IL-6 too)
hypochromic microcytic anemia, reflexively think what
occult blood loss (GI)
E. coli O157:H7 and shigella cause what?
sx: AKI, thrombocytopenia, HA with schistocytes
labs: decr Hb, Platelet count; increased BT, Lactate dehydrogenase, Br, BUN, Cr
HUS
synaptophysin means what type of tumor?
neuronal origin: neuroectoderm, neuroendocrine
adult intracranial tumor that arises from falx cerebri or tentorium cerebelli. involves somatosensory cortex and (CL sensory loss) or parietal association cortex (CL hemineglect).
meningioma
unconjugated BR produce ___ gallstones
pigmented
germ tubes
candida
iron storage protein
ferritin
iron transport protein
trasferrin
target skin lesions - name and cause
erythema multiforme
Mycoplasma, HSV,
filtration fraction =
FF = GFR/RPF
RPF = RBF x (1-Hct)
= PAH clearance
= (urine PAH x urine flow rate) / plasma [PAH]
What is this:
-Manic (1 week of severe symptoms, marked impairment in functioning, psychotic features possible and hospitalization) + or - depressive episode.
- Hypomanic episode(s) (less than four days, no psychotic features, changes functioning from baseline) + at least one depressive episode
- at least two years of fluctuating, mild hypomanic and depressive symptoms.
Bipolar 1
Bipolar 2
Cyclothymic
RBF =
= (renal artery pressure - renal vein pressure) / renal vascular resistance
= PAH / (1-Hct)
Chronic lymphademia predisposes to…
angiosarcoma
Catalase + organisms
Cats Need PLACESS to Belch their Hairballs:
Nocardia, Psudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E coli, Staphylococci, Serratia, Burkholderia, H pylori
Encapsulated bacteris
Please SHiNE my SKis
Pseudomonas, Strep pneumo, HiB, Neisseria, E. coli, Salonella, Klebsiella
Location of interventricular hemorrhage in premature newborns
germinal matrix
What does Shaken Baby Syndrome cause?
subdural hematoma - bridging veins
What can colonize old lung cavities (from TB, emphysema, sarcoidosis)
aspergillus
Ventricular gallop:
- Features: turbulent flow through the ventricles due to increased volume or heard during rapid filling of ventricles in diastole.
- Normal in young adults, pregnancy, children
- Abnormal in >40, HF, Restrictive cardiomyopathy, high output states
S3 gallop (right after S2
Atrial gallop:
- heard immediately after atrial contraction phase as blood is forced through a stiff ventricle
- Normal in healthy older adults
- Abnormal in younger adults, children, acute MI, ventricular atrophy
S4 gallop (before S1)
digital clubbing is seen in…
hypoxia (i.e. restrictive diseases - bronchiectasis, TB, CF, empyema, chronic lung abscess)
difference in cell type found in CSF between bacterial, fungal/TB, and viral.
bacterial - PMNs
fungal/TB and viral - lymphocytes
What do these diagnostic markers in urine indicate (in respect to cause of UTI)?
- positive leukocyte esterase
- positive nitrite test
- positive urease test
- positive leukocyte esterase - WBC activity
- positive nitrite test - reduction of urinary nitrates by bacterial species (i.e. E coli)
- positive urease test - urease-producing bugs (Proteus, Klebsiella)
