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Step 1 - Elise > COMBANK Weird Stuff > Flashcards

COMBANK Weird Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Brodmann Area 44, 45

A

Broca

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2
Q

Brodmann Area 22

A

primary auditory cortex

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3
Q

Speech fluidity nonfluent
Comprehension normal
Repetition imparied

A

Broca (area 44, 45) - inferior frontal gyrus of frontal lobe

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4
Q

Speech fluidity fluent
Comprehension intact
Repetition imparied

A

Conduction aphasia - arcuate fasciculus

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5
Q

Speech fluidity impaired
Comprehension impaired
Repetition imparied

A

Global aphasia - superior temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus.
MCC is proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion/stroke.

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6
Q

Speech fluidity fluent
Comprehension impaired
Repetition imparied

A

Wernicke (area 22) - superior temporal gyrus

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7
Q

Sleep stage:

  • sleep spindles and K-waves
  • mixed frequency waves and alpha waves
  • theta waves (4-7Hz)
  • high amplitude low frequency delta waves
  • low voltage, fast frequency EEG –> resembles awake
A 
Stage N2 (non-REM)
Awake or eyes closed
Stage N1
Stage N3
REM
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8
Q

diabetes, skin hyperpigmentation, cirrhosis in mid adult life. hereditary.
-lab: saturated transferrin

A

hereditary hemochromocytosis

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9
Q

cyanosis, VSD, pulmonary stenosis, RVH, harsh systolic ejection murmur - a child.

A

ToF

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10
Q

negative nitroblue test - aspergillus and staph a

A

positive Chronic granulomatous disease

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11
Q

rovsing sign is a sign of what?

A

peritonitis, (acute appendicitis)

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12
Q

C5, 6, 7 innervates ___ muscle

A

serratus anterior

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13
Q

C3, 4, 5 innervates ___ muscle

A

levator scapulae

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14
Q

2 umbilical arteries –COT–> 2 MEDIAL or MEDIAN umbilical ligaments? what is the other (medial or median)

A

mediaL umbilicaL ligament

the median umbilical ligament is a remnant of the urachus.

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15
Q

ligamentum arteriosum is a remnant of ___
ligementum venosum is a remnent of ___
ligamentum teres is a remnant of ___

A

ductus arteriosus
ductus venosus
umbilical vein

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16
Q

anti-DNA topoisomerase 1

A

also known as anti-Scl

systemic scleroderma

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17
Q

anti-ro

A

sjogren

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18
Q

anti-U1 RNP

A

mixed connective tissue disease

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19
Q

anti centromere

A

crest

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20
Q

saddle anesthesia and L3 step-off

A

cauda equina due to spoldylolisthesis (anterior slippage of L3 on L4 vertebral bodies)

21
Q

MMR, influenza, rabies, varicella, and yellow fever vaccines all contain what?

A

gelatin

22
Q

tx for acute panic disorder

A

benzo

23
Q

donepezil (Alz D) MOA

A

AChE inhibitor

24
Q

spinal levels to test (SANS and PANS) for SVT (irregularly irregular rhythm)

A

test T1-5 and CN10 (–>carotid body or OA manipulation)

25
Q

medicare A v B v. C v D

what part:
1. covers outpatient care, doctor’s services, physical therapy, occupational therapy
2. prescription drug coverage
3 combo of A and B
4. inpatient hospital care, skilled nursing, hospice, home health care

A
  1. B
  2. D (“D” for drugs)
  3. C
  4. A
26
Q

medicare v. medicaid

A

medicare is for 65 and older (Care for the eldely because they cared for you).

Medicaid is for low income (aid them)

27
Q

What if:
-rate of pleural fluid total protein to serum total protein >0.5
or
-ratio of pleural fluid LDH to serum LDH >0.6
or
-pleural fluid LDH >2/3 upper limit of normal of serum LDH

A

exudative effusion due to malignancy, PE, lung infection

versus transudative - CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome

28
Q

acute bacterial sinusitis MCC and two anaerobic

A

Strep pneumo, Heamophilus influenza, Moraxella (tx these iwth beta-lactam antibiotics and respiratory fluoroquinolones)

Bacteroides fragilis and fuscobacterium (metronidazole and clindamycin)

29
Q

what is addisons?

A

addisons is adrenal insufficiency

30
Q

what can precede pseudomembranous colitis?

inflammatory exudate composed of mucinous debris, fibrin, necrotic epithelial cells and polymorphonuclear cells

A

Clostridium difficile (Toxin A = diarrhea. Toxin A and B for pseudomembranous)

31
Q

inflammatory infiltrate in teh lamina propria

neutrophil aggregation within colonic crypts

A

UC

32
Q

non caseating granulomas iwth inflammatory infiltration of muscularis propria

A

Crohn

33
Q

older woman with non-healing burning, itching, burning, scaling nipple

precancerous?

A

paget disease of the breast

investigeate for ductal Carcinoma

34
Q

tx of NMS

A

dopamine agonist (bromocriptine) and dantrolene

35
Q

What info sends through:

  1. lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
  2. medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
  3. ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus
  4. ventral posterior medial nucleus
  5. Ventral posterior lateral nucleus
A
  1. visual info from superior colliculus, which gets info from the RETINA
  2. gets info from the inferior colliculus and superior olive about HEARING, sends to audiotry cortex.
  3. gets input from basal ganglia and projects to the primary motor cortex and premotor cortex –> coordinates MOVENT
  4. gets info about TASTE from face and projects to BRodman’s areas 3, 1, 2 of primary somatosensory cortex
  5. gets info about PAIN/TEMP, PROPRIOCEPTION from STT and DC/ML, projects to brodmann’s areas 3, 1, 2 of primary somatosensory cortex.
36
Q

what does rubrospinal tract carry?

A

motor neurons to cervical SC, originates from the red nucleus of the midbrain

37
Q

STT carries ___ to where??

SCerebellar Tract carries?

A

STT - P/T to VPL

SCT carries proprioception ipliaterally to cerebellum.

38
Q

What is wrong?

Papilledema, increased ICP, hemiplegia, monocular mydriasis.

A

uncal herniation (temporal lobe herniates over edge of tentorium), compressing

  • ips PCA
  • CN3
  • cerebral peduncle (cerbral peduncle)
39
Q

down and out eye

A

CN3 lesion - only CN 4 (SO –> “down”) and CN6 (LR –> “out”)

40
Q

what type of herniation can compress anterior cerebral artery?

A

subfalcine herniation - herniation of medial aspect of cerebral hemisphere, the cingulate gyrus, under the edge of the falx cerebri

41
Q

type of herniation that can increase pressure on posterior fossa.

A

tonsilar herniation.

42
Q

4year old child with tumor on roof of fourth ventricle. cause obstructive hydrocephalus. See papilledema. Histo - perivascular pseudorosettes (cells with peripherally located nuclei and form a halo around an empty eosinophilic lumen).

A

ependymoma

43
Q

B9 CNS tumor in sella turcica in 5-10 year olds. Rathke’s pouch. Calcification and vision changes.

A

craniopharyngioma

44
Q

9 year old with malignant CNS tumor that affects posterior fossa or 4th ventricle. gait abn and truncal ataxia and sometimes Increased ICP and VOMITING IN MORNING (non-communicating hydrocephalus). behavior change. HomeWright pseudorosettes (elongated tumor cells arranges around eosinophilic concentric space).

A

medulloblastoma

45
Q

stabbed in the back:

  • ips loss of UMN function
  • ips loss of proprioception
  • CL loss of P/T
A

brown sequard

  • LCST –> descends ipsilateral to innervating side
  • DC –> descends ipsilaterally to innervating side (fine touch/proprioception)
  • STT –> descends contralaterally, so contralateral P/T
46
Q

what muscle protects brachial plexus when clavicle is fractured?

A

subclavius muscle

47
Q

HLA-DR2 is ____.

tx is IFN-beta

A

Multiple sclerosis and SLE

48
Q

Tx ____ with IFN gamma

Tx ____ with IFN alpha

Tx ___ with trastuzumab

A

CGD

hep B/C

HER-2 overexpressing breast cancer

49
Q

what vitamin is a cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase, transketolse, and alpha ketoglutarate

A

thiamine

Step 1 - Elise (30 decks)

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