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Step 1 - Elise > UWorld Day Seven > Flashcards

UWorld Day Seven Flashcards

1
Q

Effect flulorinated inhaled anesthetics have on:

  • CV
  • REspiratory
  • Brain blood flow
  • GFR, renal vascualr resistance, renal plasma flow
  • hepatic flow
A

CV - myocardial depression (dec CO, AV/Vent proessure)
REsp - respiratory depressants (decr TV, minute ventilation, hypercapnia)
-Brain - decrease vascualr resistance and increase cerebral blood flow
-decreased hepatic blood flow

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2
Q

Response for Polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine (i.e. Hib - N.menin-or-tetanus toxoid) …. v. polysaccharide alone)

  1. response type
  2. memory cell response?
  3. relative duration of immunity
  4. immunogenicity in infancy
A
  1. B and T (v B only)
  2. yes (v. no)
  3. long (v. short)
  4. yes (v. no)
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3
Q

Mechanism of liver injury in a HbsAg pt.

A

presence of HbsAg on cell surface stimulates host’s Tc CD8+ lymphocytes to destroy infected hepatocytes

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4
Q

Relative Risk Reduction = ?

A

RRR = (absolute risk of control - absolute risk of treatment) / absolute risk of control

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5
Q

Cardiac tissue conduction velocity - rate fastest to slowest:

Atrial muscle, ventricular system, purkinje system, AV ode

A

Fast –> Park AT VENTure AVenue –> slow

Purkinje, ATrial muscle, VENTricular system, AV node

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6
Q

Chr21 Chr14, Chr 1 - what do each of these indicate for alzheimer?

What does ApoE4 indicate?

A

Early onset ALZ
Chr21 - amyloid precursor protein
Chr 14 - presenilin 1
Chr 1 - Presenilin 2

Late onset

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7
Q

Heart anatomically:

  • stab to left sternal border at 4th ICS
  • stab to back to immediate right of vertebra
  • -stab to L 4th ICS in midclavicular line (through left lung)
  • penetrating wound to 2nd ICS at LSB
A

stab to left sternal border - RV - anterior surface of the heart

stab to back to immediate right of vertebra - IVC

stab to L 4th ICS in midclavicular line - LV (left lateral aspect of heart)

stab to 2nd ICS and LSB - pulmonary trunk

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8
Q

in study results, what error is a FP (falsely concludes there is a difference?)

A

type 1 alpha error

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9
Q

in study results, what error is a FN (falsely concludes there is no difference)?

A

type 2 beta error

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10
Q

does type 1 or type 2 error relate more to sample size?

A

type 2 directly relates to sample size

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11
Q

Isoproterenol effects what receptors?

A

B1 and B2

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12
Q

Long lower extremities, small firm testes, bilateral gynecomastia.

Dx?

Levels of LH, FSH, inhibin, serum testosterone, and sperm

A

Kleinfelter - 47 XXY

LH - increased (feedback from leydig damage)

FSH is increased (feedback from sertoli damage)

Inhibin decreased (sertoli damage)

Testosterone - decreased (leydig damage)

Sperm - none

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13
Q

group of subjects selected and exposure status is determined and followed for a period of time and observed for developemnt of the outcome

A

cohort study

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14
Q

selection of patients with a disease (cases) and without disease (controls) and determine previous exposure status

A

case control study

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15
Q

prevalence study. simultaneous measurement of exposure and outcome.

A

cross sectional study

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16
Q

Each group uses what GLUT receptors and when type of kinetics?
-Skeletal muscle and adipocytes

-Brain, RBC, Liver, Kidney, B-cells

A

GLUT 4 - muscle cells and adipocytes. insulin dependent

GLUT 1, 2, 3, 5 - not insulin dependent, steady rate into cells (RBC, brain are GLUT-1 = 0 order) ( Lover, kidney, beta cells are GLUT 2 = 1st ordeR)

17
Q

first order or zero order kietics?

  1. enzyme limits velocity - constant amount
  2. substrat limits velolcity - constant percent
A 
zero order (RBC, brain GLUT-1)
first order (Liver, kidney, beta0cell - GLUT-2)
18
Q

tx for narcolepsy

A

amphetamine or stimulant like modafinil

19
Q

what is a promoter region that binds transcription factors and RNA polymerase 2 during initiation of transcription?

located 25 bases upstream on coding region.

A

TATA

20
Q

ATG (Start codon) is located in what region?

A

exon 1

21
Q

cut through these for what procedure:

  1. skin
  2. superficial cervical fascia (including subcutaneous fat and platysma muscle)
  3. investing and pretracheal layers of deep cervical fascia
  4. cricothyroid membrane
A

cricothyrotomy

22
Q

Primary adrenal insufficiency. Name the serum:

  • Na levels
  • K levels
  • H levels
  • bicarbonate
  • Chloride
A 
Na decreased
K increased
H increased = non-anion gap elevated metabolic acidosis
bicarbonate low
chloride increased
23
Q

gamma globin in what Hb type

A

HbF

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