Uterus Flashcards
what is the main symptoms of uterine cancer
post menopausal bleeding
what is a huge risk factor for uterine cancer
oestrogen (obesity)
what are the two types of endometrial cancer
type 1 - endometrioid (most common less serious)
type 2 - serous (high grade)
what are the two main myometrial pathologies
leiomyoma (uterine fibroid)
leiomyosarcoma
what type of cancer is endometroid and what is it derived from
adenocarcinoma derived from atypical hyperplasia (simple complex or atypical)
what is endometrioid cancer related to?
unopposed oestrogen
what are serous cancers derived from
serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma
what is the main problem with serous carcinomas
early spread to peritoneal cavity
what mutation is associated with serous cancers
tp53
what serological marker is sensitive for uterine cancers and at what level would you refer for US
ca125 >35
what is lynch syndrome
(Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer) is a cancer predisposition syndrome - high risk of colorectalcancer. High risk of endometrial cancer (lifetime risk 28%) and an increased probability of developingovarian cancer
describe the genetics of lynch syndrome
defective DNA mismatch repair gene leads to microsatellite instability. Autosomal dominant inheritance
what test is done in clinic if uterine pathology is suspected
endometrial biopsy
what are the risk factors for endometrial canecr
Nulliparity
Early menarche and late menopause
PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome)
Unopposed estrogen replacement therapy (e.g., for menopausal symptoms)
Breast cancer: history of breast cancer, tamoxifen treatment
Metabolic syndrome (esp. obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2 )
Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer)
what is the normal endometrial thickness of a postmeniopausal women
> 5mm
