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AY Reproduction > Uterine pathology > Flashcards

Uterine pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common causative organisms of endometritis?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea

Chlamydia

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2
Q

What is chronic endometritis associated with?

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

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3
Q

When do endometrial polyps most commonly occur?

A

Around and after menoapuse

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4
Q

What is a molar pregnancy?

A

When a non-viable fertilized egg implants in uterus (or tube)

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5
Q

What is a complete mole?

A

When 1 or 2 sperm combine with egg without DNA

Sperm reduplicates forming complete 46 chromosome set

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6
Q

What DNA is present in a complete mole?

A

ONLY paternal DNA

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7
Q

What is partial mole?

A

Egg is fertilized by 2 sperm or 1 sperm that then reduplicates itself
Forming a 69 XXY chromosome set

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8
Q

What DNAis present in a partial mole?

A

BOTH maternal & paternal DNA

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9
Q

Which form of molar pregnancy is at highest risk of developing into choriocarcinoma?

A

Complete hydatidiform moles

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10
Q

What is adenomyosis?

A

Endometrial glands & stroma within myometrium

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11
Q

How does adenomyosis present?

A

Mennorhagia or dysmennorrhoea

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12
Q

What is a leiomyoma?

A

Benign tumour of smooth muscle

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13
Q

What is leiomyoma growth dependent on?

A

Oestrogen

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14
Q

How would a leiomyoma present?

A

Menorrhagia
Infertility
Mass effect
Pain

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15
Q

What is endometriosis?

A

Growth of ectopic endometrial tissue outside he uterine cavity

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16
Q

How does endometriosis present?

A 
Chronic pelvic pain 
Dysmenorrhoea (pain often starts before bleeding) 
Deep dyspareunia 
Subfertility 
Urinary symptoms 
Dyschezia (painful pooing)
17
Q

What is the gold standard investigation for endometriosis?

A

Laparoscopy

18
Q

How is endometriosis managed?

A 
Symptomatic relief (NSAIDs) 
COC 
Progestrogens 
GnRH analogues 
IUS 
Surgery
19
Q

How does endometrial hyperplasia present?

A

Abnormal bleeding

20
Q

What sort of patients does endometrial carcinoma tend to present in?

A

50-60 y/o

Obese

21
Q

What should be considered if endometrial carcinoma presents in a younger woman?

A

Predisposition (PCOS or Lynch syndrome)

22
Q

What is the precursor for endometroid carcinoma?

A

Atypical hyperplasia

23
Q

What drives endometroid carcinoma?

A

Unopposed oestrogen

24
Q

What is Lynch syndrome?

A

Autosomal dominant inheritance of a defective DNA mismatch repair gene

25
Q

What feature do tumours associated with Lynch syndrome exhibit?

A

Microsatellite instability

26
Q

Which type of endometrial cancer is more aggressive and has a worse prognosis?

A

Serous carcinoma

27
Q

How does endometrial serous carcinoma spread?

A

Along Fallopian tubes & peritoneal surfaces

AY Reproduction (23 decks)

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