HIV Flashcards
How does HIV work?
Retrovirus that transcribes using reverse transcriptase
Which is more virulent HIV-1 or HIV-2?
HIV-1 is more virulent than HIV-2
What is CD4+?
Glycoprotein found on the surface of cells which is essential for adaptive immune response
What are normal levelsof CDA?
500-1600
At what CD4 level does the risk of infections tend to increase?
<200
How does HIV effecft the immune response?
sequestration of cells in lymphoid
Reduced circulating CD4
Reduced CD8 T cell activation
Reduced affinity for antibodies
How long after primary HIV infection do patient tend to be symptomatic?
2-4 weeks
How does a primary infection of HIV tend to present?
Fever Rash Myalgia Pharyngitis Headache
Which type of pneumonia are HIV patients prone to?
Pneumocystis pneumonia
What neurological infection are HIV patients susceptible to? And at what CD4 level?
Cerebral toxoplasmosis
CD4 <10
Which cancers are HIV patients more susceptible?
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Cervical cancer
Which virus causes Kaposi’s sarcoma?
HHV8
Which virus causes Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
EBV
How can HIV be transmitted?
Sexual
Parenternal
Mother to child
What factors are used to detect HIV infection on testing?
Viral RNA
Capsule protein (p24)
Envelope proteins
What is the difference between 3rd gen & 4th gen HIV testing?
4th Gen tests for antibody + antigen (p24) and shortens window period by 5 days
3rd Gen detects antibodies plus IgM & IgG
How long does a rapid HIV test take?
20-30 mins
What test is used for the incidence of HIV?
RITA
What are the targets fro anti-retroviral therapy in HIV?
Reverse transcriptase
Integrase
CCR5 receptor
Protease
What is HAART?
Combination of 3 drugs from at least 2 drug classes to which the virus is susceptible
Which HAART drugs cause GI side effects?
Protease inhibitors (avir’s)
Which HAART drug can cause osteomalacia?
Tenofovir
What delivery mode should be used if there is a detectable viral load in a HIV +ve mother?
C section
Recommendations for breastfeeding in HIV mothers?
Formula feeding
IF not available exclusive breast feeding for 6 months
Should any treatment be offered after birth for a neonate from a HIV +ve mother?
4 weeks PEP