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AY Reproduction > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

How does HIV work?

A

Retrovirus that transcribes using reverse transcriptase

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2
Q

Which is more virulent HIV-1 or HIV-2?

A

HIV-1 is more virulent than HIV-2

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3
Q

What is CD4+?

A

Glycoprotein found on the surface of cells which is essential for adaptive immune response

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4
Q

What are normal levelsof CDA?

A

500-1600

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5
Q

At what CD4 level does the risk of infections tend to increase?

A

<200

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6
Q

How does HIV effecft the immune response?

A

sequestration of cells in lymphoid
Reduced circulating CD4
Reduced CD8 T cell activation
Reduced affinity for antibodies

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7
Q

How long after primary HIV infection do patient tend to be symptomatic?

A

2-4 weeks

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8
Q

How does a primary infection of HIV tend to present?

A 
Fever
Rash 
Myalgia 
Pharyngitis
Headache
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9
Q

Which type of pneumonia are HIV patients prone to?

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia

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10
Q

What neurological infection are HIV patients susceptible to? And at what CD4 level?

A

Cerebral toxoplasmosis

CD4 <10

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11
Q

Which cancers are HIV patients more susceptible?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Cervical cancer

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12
Q

Which virus causes Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A

HHV8

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13
Q

Which virus causes Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

EBV

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14
Q

How can HIV be transmitted?

A

Sexual
Parenternal
Mother to child

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15
Q

What factors are used to detect HIV infection on testing?

A

Viral RNA
Capsule protein (p24)
Envelope proteins

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16
Q

What is the difference between 3rd gen & 4th gen HIV testing?

A

4th Gen tests for antibody + antigen (p24) and shortens window period by 5 days
3rd Gen detects antibodies plus IgM & IgG

17
Q

How long does a rapid HIV test take?

A

20-30 mins

18
Q

What test is used for the incidence of HIV?

A

RITA

19
Q

What are the targets fro anti-retroviral therapy in HIV?

A

Reverse transcriptase
Integrase
CCR5 receptor
Protease

20
Q

What is HAART?

A

Combination of 3 drugs from at least 2 drug classes to which the virus is susceptible

21
Q

Which HAART drugs cause GI side effects?

A

Protease inhibitors (avir’s)

22
Q

Which HAART drug can cause osteomalacia?

A

Tenofovir

23
Q

What delivery mode should be used if there is a detectable viral load in a HIV +ve mother?

A

C section

24
Q

Recommendations for breastfeeding in HIV mothers?

A

Formula feeding

IF not available exclusive breast feeding for 6 months

25
Q

Should any treatment be offered after birth for a neonate from a HIV +ve mother?

A

4 weeks PEP

AY Reproduction (23 decks)

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