Pelvic Mass

Question 1

When are fibroids most common?

Answer 1

> 40 y/o

Question 2

How do fibroids present?

Answer 2

Menorrhagia
Pain/tenderness
Pelvic mass
Pressure symptoms

Question 3

How are fibroids diagnosed?

Answer 3

US

Question 4

How are fibroids treated?

Answer 4

Hysterectomy, resection

Question 5

What is pyosalpinx?

Answer 5

Uterine tubes filled with pus

Question 6

What is the most common epithelial ovarian tumour?

Answer 6

Serous

Question 7

What are the kinds of primary ovarian epithelial tumour?

Answer 7

Serous 
Mucinous 
Endometroid 
Clear cell 
Brenner

Question 8

What is the comon ovarian tumour that arises from germ cells?

Answer 8

Benign cysic teratoma (dermoid cyst)

Question 9

Are malignant germ cell tumours common and what may they produce?

Answer 9

No v v rare

May produce HCG

Question 10

What is Meig’s syndrome?/

Answer 10

Fibroma + ascites + pleural effusion

Question 11

Which cancers most commonly metastasize to theovaries?

Answer 11

Breast
Pancreas
Stomach & GI

Question 12

How does ovarian cancer present?

Answer 12

Pressure symptoms
Insidious symptoms
Ascites/bloating
Early transperitoneal spread

Question 13

What are the risk factors for ovarian cancer?

Answer 13

Genes (BRCA & HNPCC)
Nulliparity
OCP protective

Question 14

Which tumour markers canbe used for monitoring ovarian cancer?

Answer 14

CA125

CEA

Question 15

What are the Figo stages used to classify ovarian cancer?

Answer 15

I - confined to ovaries
II - spread to other pelvic organs
III - spread within abdomen
IV - spread into other organs

Question 16

How is ovarian cancer treated?

Answer 16

Debulking + chemo

some respond to chemo

Question 17

Which 2 HPV types are associated with 70% of cervical cancers?

Answer 17

HPV 16 & 18

Question 18

How is cervical cancer staged?

Answer 18

Ia - microscopic 
Ib - visible lesion 
IIa - vaginal involvement 
IIb - parametrial involvement 
III - lower vagina or pelvic side wall 
IV - bladder/rectum or metastases