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UWorld mixed > usmle2: block 2 > Flashcards

usmle2: block 2 Flashcards

note some in block 1

1
Q

spleen immune fxn (2)

A
  1. mononuclear phagocytes ingest unopsonized organisms (encapsulated organisms)
  2. contains half of total body Ig-producing B cells. needed to opsonize bacteria
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2
Q

radiation to head/neck

A

think: thyroid neoplasm

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3
Q

familial associated of melanoma

A

CDKN2A

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4
Q

Kluver-Bucy syndrome? associated w/

A

temporal damage, esp amygdala

inappropriate sexual activity, oral fixation, hyperphagia, visual agnosia, aphasia, lacid, amnesia, distractable

associated w/ HSV-1 encephalitis

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5
Q

insula cortex

A

subjective emotional experience
pain
body representation
conscious cravings

active when drug abusers see cues that trigger craving

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6
Q

ventilation =

A

tidal volume x respiratory rate

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7
Q

pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia (2)

A
  1. upregulation of central dopamine receptors

2. decrease in cholinergic activity in striatum

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8
Q

how is epinephrine made?

A

NE -> dopamine
via Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
PMNT

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9
Q

COPD: increased PFT? decreased

A

increased TLC, RV, and FRC

decreased FEV1/FVC

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10
Q

contact inhibition (petri dish) mediated by what molecules

A

cadherins and catenins

loss = sign of malignancy

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11
Q

respiratory symptoms in superior vena cava syndrome due to..

A

laryngeal edema

often due to lung cancer/lymphoma

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12
Q

axially nerve injury caused by?

A

fracture of surgical neck of humerus

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13
Q

how do osteoclasts resorb bone

A

form howship lacunae and secrete acid (made by intracellular carbonic anhydrase)

note: osteoclasts: multinucleated, from monocytes

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14
Q

negri body in hippocampus

A

rabies infxn

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15
Q

renal plasma flow =

A

RBF x (1-Hct)

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16
Q

definition of orthostatic hypotension

A

decrease of 20mmHg systolic
or 10mmHg diastolic

more sensitive: HR increase w/ standing

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17
Q

acitretin

A

systemic therapy for psoriasis
retinoid
teratogenic

18
Q

how do aminoglycosides get into cell

A

O2 dependent, energy-dependent

19
Q

aminoglycoside resistance (3)

A
  1. poor penetration
  2. can’t bind to 30s subunit
  3. destruction by bacterial enzymes
20
Q

only FDA approved drug for obesity?

A

orlistat

inhibit intestinal lipase, inhbiit fat absorption

21
Q

fenfluramine

A

anoretic
increase 5-HT levels

little long term efficacy; pulmonary HTN and valvulopathy

22
Q

rectal blood supply

A
  1. superior rectal: IMA (portal)
  2. middle rectal: internal iliac
  3. inferior rectal: internal pudendal

similar for venous drainage

23
Q

inferior epigastric vein drains to..

A

external iliac

24
Q

azygous =

A

right lumbar + right subcostal above diaphragm

does not exist below diaphragm

25
where is glycogen stored
liver and muscle
26
2 fates of F6P
fasting: gluconeogenesis fed: glycolysis regulated by F2,6BP (high in fed, low in fasting)
27
what regulates formation of F2,6BP
1 enzyme, ultimately PKA GLUCAGON increases cAMP, increases PKA, -decreases F2,6BP (converts to F6P for gluconeogenesis) INSULIN decreases cAMP, decreases PKA -increases F2,6BP, stimulates PFK-1 for glycolysis
28
cavernous sinus receives drainage from..
1. cerebral veins | 2. facial veins (via superior& inferior opthalmic vein)
29
what cranium sinus can be affected by facial (orbit, nose, paranasal sinus) infxn?
cavernous! bc also gets venous drainage from facial veins!
30
danazol
androgen used to suppress FSH and LH by pituitary used in: endometriosis
31
parasite with ingested RBC
entamoeba histolytica
32
increased lumbar lordosos 'sway back' associated w/ excessive flexion of..
hip flexors give pelvic an anterior tilt or, weak hip extensors
33
GLP-1
glucagon-dependent insulin peptide or gastrin-inhibitory peptide (supraphysiological levels) part of incretin effect, increase insulin release released by K cells of intestine
34
CCK stimulates
pancreatic ENZYME secretion bile production & GB contraction protein, lipid sensitive
35
Secretin stimulates
pancreatic BICARB secretion also gallbladder & dudenum BICARB secretion acid sensitive
36
ACE inhibitors in pregnancy
NO! teratogen
37
ACE inhibitors on fetal kidney develop
angiotensin II needed for normal fetal renal development renal atrophy, ultimately anuria --> potter sequence
38
apoB48
chylomicron -- secreted from intestinal cells
39
apoB100
VLDL -- secreted from hepatocytes
40
ApoE
recycle, back to liver
41
ApoC
activate lipoproteinlipase
42
apoA
``` activate LCAT (esterify cholesterol, less toxic) on VLDL ```

UWorld mixed (60 decks)

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