test #24 4.13 Flashcards
slow acetylators metabolize which 4 drugs slowly?
P450 acetylation of dapsone, hydralazine, procainamide, and isoniazid
methylation is an important drug biotransformation for..
azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine
gilbert syndrome can affect drug metabolism..
bc some drugs require gluronidation for biotransformation.
dysfunctional glucoronyl transferase
drug hydrolysis occurs with..
esterases and amidases
normal amount of amniotic fluid
1000ml.
fetal anomalies associated w/ impaired swallowing (2)? increase urination? (polyhydramnios)
impaired swallowing: duodenal, esophageal, or intestinal atresia (GI obstruction) & anencephaly
increased fetal urination: high cardiac output due to (1) anemia or (2) twin-to-twin transfer
posterior urethral valve
congenital obstruction to urine flow
rachischisis
neural tube defect where vertebral column does not close over spinal cord. (posterior neuropore fails to close).
MI w/ normal coronary artery? think (3)
(1) coronary arteritis, (2) hypercoagulability w/ acute thrombosis, (3) coronary vasopasm
describe libman-sacks endocarditis
verrucous (wart-like) endocarditis, 25% of patients on EITHER side of valve. sterile, finely granular, fibrinous, eosinophilic. may result from immune complex deposition. can progress to valve fibrosis & regurg or stenosis.
Churgg-Strauss
polyarteritis nodosa-associated condition w/ lung vasculitis, severe asthma, and eosinophilia (in atopic patients). have necrotizing granulomas
flexor retinaculum aka
transverse carpal ligament.
carpa tunnel is associated with what scenarios?
(1) chronic repetitive stress (typing, knitting)
(2) fluid retention (renal failure, hypothyroidism, pregnancy
(3) diabetes mellitus, acromegaly, rheumatoid arthritis
dialysis associated amyloidosis
B2-microglobulin. can lead to median nerve compression (often bilateral)
endoneural inflammation infiltration with segmental demyelination seen in..
guillain-barre syndrome
endoneural arteriole hyalinization occurs in..
diabetic microangiopathy
insulin secretion is stimulation by which 3 systems
(1) blood glucose
(2) parasympathetic: secrete
insulin at smell/sight of food
sympathetic can inhibit or stimulate depending on receptor
(1) alpha- INHIBIT insulin release
(2) beta- STIMULATE insulin release
diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chorpheniramine
commonly used antihistaminic agent (blocks H1). commonly have (1) anti-muscarinic (2) anti-alpha-adrenergic effects
ephedrine
indirect general sympathetic agonist, releases stored catecholamines.
used for nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence, hypotension
alpha receptor agonist on insulin?
inhibit insulin release
beta receptor agonist on insulin
promote insulin release
loratadine, fexofenadine, cetirizine
second generation H1 blockers. less sedating bc less CNS penetration.
still anti-Muscarinic
alpha-2 agonists (2)
clonidine & methyl-dopa
clonidine use
alpha-2 agonist, does not decrease renal blood flow. hypertensive urgency, ADHD