Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RUSVM SAM 2 > Urolithiasis > Flashcards

Urolithiasis Flashcards

1
Q

What is required for the formation of uroliths?

A 
Supersaturation 
Inhibitors of crystal formation 
Precipitation of a nucleus 
Crystal growth or aggregation 
Calculus retention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F: crystalluria does not mean urolithiasis

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F: crystalluria does mean the urine has been supersaturated

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What clinical signs are associated with urolithiasis ?

A 
Dysuria 
Pollakiuria 
Incontience 
Stranguria 
Hematuria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

You have a history of dysuria, pollakiuria, hematuria, and stranguria..

You think this might be due to a urolith.. what diagnostics might you do to confirm?

A

Bladder palpation

UA and culture

Imaging

  • > radiographs
  • > US
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of uroliths will usually show up on a radiograph??

A

Struvite

Ca oxalate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of uroliths do not show up on radiographs?

A

Urate

Cystine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are possible therapies for a urothiliais?

A 
Diet 
Urohydropulsion 
Cystocospy (with baskets) 
Cystotomy 
Lithotripsy (endoscopy/extracorproal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is urohydropropulsion? And what patients would you consider doing this in??

A

You insert a catheter into bladder, position dog so all stones will fall to the ureteral opening of bladder, put pressure onto the bladder and remove catheter.. flushing stones out

Female dogs
Stones < 5-15mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the types of uroliths??

A 
Struvite 
Ca oxalate 
Cystine 
Urate 
Silicate

Mixed/compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What breeds of dogs are predisposed to struvite stones??

A 
Miniature schnauzer 
Shih tzus
Bichons
Miniature poodle 
Cocker spaniel 
Lhasa Apso
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Struvite crystals are AKA??

A

Magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Struvites in cats are usually related to ?

A

Diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Struvites in dogs are usually associated with??

A

UTI

  • urease producing bacteria
  • urine pH high
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F: Ca oxalate crystals are usually large and struvite crystals are usually small

A

False

Ca oxalate - small
Struvite - large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the therapy for struvite uroliths?

A 
Dietary (make urine more acidic) 
Increase water (decrease USG)

Hills s/d (3months)

Treatment of infection if present

17
Q

What type of urolith to you risk inducing when putting an animal on a preventative diet for struvites?

A

Ca oxalate

18
Q

What breeds are prone to Ca oxalate uroliths?

A 
Miniature schnauzer 
Lhaso apso 
Miniature poodle 
Yourkshire terrier 
Shih tsu 
Bichon
19
Q

What are causes of Ca oxlatate uroliths?

A

More common in males

Acidifying diets
Obesity
Hypercalicuria (intestinal, renal , bone)
Breed

20
Q

What is the appearance of a Ca oxalate crystal

A

Spiny
Small
Very radiodense for size

21
Q

What is the therapy for Ca oxalate uroliths?

A

Hypercalcemia treatment

Surgical/lithotripsy/cystoscopy

Prevention

22
Q

How can Ca oxalate uroliths be prevented??

A

Diet plus water

  • hills U/D contains potassium citrate
  • Walthams S/O

Thiazides diuretics -> hydrochlorothiazide
Potassium citrate
Avoid Vit C (acidifying) and Vit D (hyperCa)

23
Q

What breeds are prone to ammonium urate and xanthine uroliths??

A

Dalmatian
Black Russian terrier
English bulldog

24
Q

What disease can lead to ammonium urate/xanthine uroliths?

A 
Hepatic dz (PSS, cirrhosis) 
-> decreased uptake of uric acid from haptocytes to form allantoin

Genetic tubular defects

Acidic urine

25
Q

What drug therapy can result in xanthine stones?

A

Allopurinol

26
Q

What therapy can be used for urate stones??

A

Diet

  • low protein
  • increased pH (potassium citrate/ bicarb)

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (only for Dalmatians)

Supportive care for hepatic dysfunction

27
Q

What breeds are prone to cystine calculi?

A

Australian cattle dogs
Dashunds
Newfoundland
Bulldogs

28
Q

Cystine calculi are usually treated by alkalinizing urine and low protein diets. But this can put large breed dogs at risk of what?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

29
Q

Calcium phosphate uroliths are usually secondary to??

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism (hypercalcemia)

30
Q

What type of uroliths result from poor diets that are rick in rice, soybean husks, and devoid of proper protein??

A

Silica

RUSVM SAM 2 (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions