GI - Small Intestine Flashcards
How does the pancreatic duct system differ between cats and dogs?
Dogs have… pancreatic duct and an accessory duct
Cats only have a pancreatic duct emptying into major duodenal papilla
How can you differentiate the jejunum and ileum histologically?
Jejunum has tall and cylindrical villi
Ileum has short and cylindrical villi and also contains paneth cells with eosinophilic granules at the base of the crypts
How quick do the villi of the intestines turnover/
3 days from the crypts
What are the functions of the crypt cells?
Secretory
Make undifferentiated epithelial cells (enterocytes) which will migrate to top of crypt
Main function of duodenum?
Bile break down fat
Pancreatic enzymatic juice convert fat to fatty acids and glycerol
Also neutralize stomach acid
Main function of jejunum?
Breakdown of carbohydrate, protein, and fat
Main function of ileum?
Absorb nutrients and bile absorbed and returned to liver (enterohepatic circulation)
What molecules require active transport across the epithelium of the gut?
Glucose and galactose
Amino acids
Dipeptides and tripepetides
In disease state, you often loose energy supply to gut and therefore loose this absorption
What is the main energy requirement of enterocytes and when absent what will you see?
Glutamine
Decline in villi structure
Loss of epithelial integrity
Decreased immune function
Decreased absorptive function
Large or small bowel disease?
Vomiting
Increased dedication frequency
Increased fecal volume
Melena
Small bowel
You will likely see these clinical signs with malabsorption of the small intestine
Falatulence
Steatorrhea
What is on your DDX list for an acute enteropathy?
Dietary indiscretion Diet change Infection Medication Stress Secondary to pancreatitis Acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome
What is on your list of differentials for a chronic enteropathy?
Food allergy or hypersensitivity
Inflammatory bowel disease
Lymphagniectasia
Infections including antibiotic responsive disease, parasites
Neoplasia
Secondary to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)
What are features of a CBC in a dog with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome ?
Small breed dogs
Marked hemoconcentration
Fluid shifts - usually hypovolemic shock before clinical evidence of dehydration
Clinical sign of AHDS?
Hematemesis and hematochezia (said to resemble raspberry jam)
What are possible EDX of acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome?
Viral
Hypersensitive
Infection * clostridium perfringens
Treatment for acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome
IVF Antibiotics (Unasyn +/- metronidazole) Gastroprotectants Antiemetics Nutrition
Prognosis is good with aggressive supportive care unless…. hypotoreitnemia and signs of sepsis
What parasites affect can affect the small intestine of dogs?
Roundworms
-toxocara canis
Hookworms
-ancylostoma caninum
Whipworm
-trichuris vulpis
Strongyloides
-strongyloides stercoralis
How do animals get dipylidium caninum ?
Ingestion of fleas
What animals are most affected by toxocara ?
Young pups/kitttnes
Can be fatal- high worm burden and pulmonary involvement
