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RUSVM SAM 2 > GI Tract Tumors > Flashcards

GI Tract Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: oral tumors are most often seen in male dogs

A

True

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2
Q

What breeds of doggo are predisposed to oral tumors?

A 
Boxers 
GSD 
Goldens 
Cockers
Miniature poodles
German short haired pointer 
Gordon setter 
Chow 
Weimaraner
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3
Q

What is the usual presentation for oral tumors?

A

Oral bleeding
Difficulty bleeding
Halitosis

Anorexia, weight loss, loose or displace teeth, ptyalism, facial deformity, and/or nasal discharge

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4
Q

DDX for oral tumors in dogs

A

Melanoma
SCC
Fibrosarcoma

Other malignancies like OSA
Benign variants - odontogenic tumors

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5
Q

DDX for oral tumors in cats

A

SCC

Fibrosarcoma

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6
Q

What is the best way to sample an oral tumor?

A

Incisional biopsy

-> shave biopsy preferred in proliferative = Blade 1cm piece then tamponade

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7
Q

T/F: Radiographs are good for determining extent of lysis in oral tumors

A

False

Cross-sectional imaging preferred

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8
Q

What is the usually sentinel LN for oral tumors ?

A

Mandibular, parotid, and medial retropharygneal

LN draining the tumor was NOT the regional lymph node - only 55% go to mandibular

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9
Q

T/F: oral melanomas are usually benign

A

FALSE

Highly malignant — 80% of cases

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10
Q

How would you stage an oral melanoma?

A

Abdominal US

Full body CT for surgery planning

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11
Q

Fibrosarcoma are most commonly seen with what signalment>?

A 
Large breed (golden and lab) 
Younger (7-8yrs)
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12
Q

T/F: fibrosarcoma are usually benign

A

FALSE

Locally invasive
Histologically low grade but biologically high grade variant

—> if your biopsy comes back as fibroma DO NOT believe it

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13
Q

What is the difference in how oral SCC appear in cats vs dogs?

A

Dog- locally invasive, low rate of met

Cat- locally invasive, low met, prefers sublingual site, increased expression of PTHrp -> increased reabsorption of bone and hypercalcemia

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14
Q

What are risk factors for oral SCC in cats?

A

Flea collar usage
Smoke exposure
Excessive canned food (esp tuna)

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15
Q

Odontogenic tumors raised from what tissue?

A

Periodontal ligament and often appear similar to gingival hyperplasia

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16
Q

What type of odontogenic tumor is locally invasive but does not metastasize? How would it be treated?

A

Acanthomatous ameloblastoma

Very aggressive surgery to control

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17
Q

Most common site for acanthomatous ameloblastomas?

A

Rostral mandible

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18
Q

What odontogenic tumor is seen in dogs, slow growing and benign? What would be the treatment?

A

Peripheral odontogenic fibroma

Surgical excision ideal but can watching and wait IF bx confirmed
Cryotherapy works well if <1cm

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19
Q

What odontogenic tumors is unique to young cats and has raided submucosal soft masses? How would it be treated?

A

Feline inductive odontogenic tumor

Locally invasive = aggressive local resection

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20
Q

What is the gold standard treatment for oral tumors?

A

Aggressive surgical excision
- almost always have bone involvement

2cm margin for malignancies
1cm for acanthomatous ameloblastoma

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21
Q

What oral tumors are responsive to radiation therapy?

A

SCC
Melanoma
Acanthomatous ameloblastoma
FSA

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22
Q

T/F: melanoma has a good prognosis when treated with chemo?

A

FALSE

Not chemo responsive

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23
Q

What are POSITIVE prognostic indicators for oral tumors?

A

Smaller —> less chance or recurrence

Rostral location - tumor related death 5x more likely with tumor caudal to K9 teeth

Histologically complete resection

No evidence of perioperative Mets

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24
Q

T/F: esophageal tumors are rare in cats and dogs

A

Truth

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25
Etiology of esophageal tumors?
Spirocera lupi -> granuloma —> convert to malignancy (sarcoma).
26
How do animals get infected with spirocera?
Eat coprophagous beetle
27
Common presenting complaint with esophageal tumors ?
Weight loss Regurgitation Vomiting Dysphagia Signs of esophageal partial obstruction/stricture (secondary aspiration pneumonia)
28
What is the DDX for esophageal tumors?
SCC Leiomyosarcoma FSA, OSA
29
Esophageal tumors appear how on rads?
Dilation proximal to tumors Stricture/mass effect
30
What is the ideal method of imaging for esophageal tumors?
Esophagoscopy —> can get biopsy smooth mm based tumor —> mucosa looks normal
31
What is the preferred treatment for esophageal tumors?
Surgery Best chance is with low grade leiomyosarcoma
32
Prognosis of esophageal tumors?
Generally poor Benign lesions and low grade leiomyosarcoma do well with tax If mass is secondary to SLupi granuloma -> tx with doramectin to response
33
What breeds are generically predisposed to gastric tumors?
Belgian shepherds and chows Beagles = benign (more commonly get leiomyoma)
34
T/F: most gastric tumors are asymptomatic
True - until they become large enough to effect outflow - > anorexia is most common - > hematemesis
35
DDX for gastric tumor in dog?
ADENOCARCINOMA Leiomyosarcoma
36
DDX for cats with gastric tumors?
Lymphoma
37
What tumor type has a preference for pyloric antrum/lesser curvature of the stomach?
Gastric adenocarcinoma | - often scirrous (firm/white on serosal surface)
38
T/f: gastric adenocarcinoma has a high metastatic rate
True | -74%
39
What work up will you do in a gastric tumor case?
Non specific lab findings - anemia if ulcerated/bleeding - elevated T.bili Positive contrast gastrogram -filling defects, decrease gastric emptying, loss of normal rural folds, mucosal thickening Abdominal u/s -mural thickening with loss of normal wall and diminished to absent local motility U/S guided FNA/cytology -peri-tumors inflammation can interfere R/O LSA —> may not be surgical Endoscopy —> biopsy and assess respectability
40
When doing endoscopy for gastric tumors, ______________ are usually well circumscribed submucosal masss in the cardia, and _________ are usually extensive, ulcerated, in the pyloris
Leiomyosarcoma; adenocarcinoma
41
What is the treatment recommended for gastric tumors ?
Surgical excision —> partial gastrectomy or gastroduodenosomty/jejunostomy —> Billroth II or complete gastrectomy are extensive with high morbidity and low survival Enlarged peri-gastic LN removed for staging
42
What is the prognosis for gastric ACA?
Prognosis = poor with majority dead in 6months due to either recurrent or metastatic dz —> in no Mets and respectable than lengthy survival is possible
43
What is the prognosis for gastric LSA?
Doesn’t respond as well to chemo If solitary lesions can resect
44
What is the prognosis for gastric leiomyosarcoma?
MST: 12-21months 54% met rate but not a poor prognostic factor
45
Breed predisposition to intestinal tumors ?
Collie and GSD Males >female Older dogs
46
T/F: large intestinal tumors are more common in cats than dogs?
False Cats: small intestinal tumors >>> large intestine Dogs: large intestinal tumors >>> small intestine
47
Clinical signs associated with intestinal tumors?
Anorexia Vomiting Diarrhea
48
Work up and staging for intestinal tumors??
Endoscope doest allow jejunum and proximal ileum US FNA/cytology -> high diagnostic accuracy R/O LSA which is not surgical unless solitary mass or causing obstrucion Assess LN carefully with US and do FNA
49
DDX for Canine intestinal tumors
LSA ACA leiomyosarcoma
50
DDX for intestinal tumors in cats?
LSA ACA MCT
51
Treatment for intestinal tumors?
Exploratory laparotomy with surgical excision Margin procurement = 4-8cm Mesenteric and regional LS should be assessed, resected or aspirated
52
Majority of LSA in dogs are of __cell origin
T-cell
53
What is the prognosis for LSA in dogs?
MST= 77days Remission rate 56%
54
What are negative prognostic indicators for intestinal LSA in dog?
Dogs that failed to achieve a remission Diarrhea at initial presentation
55
What is the prognosis for intestinal LSA in cats?/
MST = 201-280days Reponse rate is 60-87%
56
Are intestinal ACA more likely to me metastatic in cats or dogs?
Cats - 72% metastatic at diagnosis (MST = 5-15months with surgery) Dog 44% (MST = 300days)
57
Negative prognostic indicator for ACA in dogs?
Female
58
Negative prognostic factor for ACA in cats?
Histologically subtype and Mets Tubular ACA (11months) vs undifferentated/mucinious (4months) LN Mets (12months vs 15 months if not) Ometal mets (4.5months vs 28months ifnot)
59
What is the prognosis for gastric MCT in cats vs dogs?
Cat - poor prognosis unless solitary mass without mets, can have prolonged survival Dog - 100% met rate, bad dz with MST=16ddays
60
Prognosis for leiomyosarcoma in dog vs cats?
Dog MST - 8months after surgical resection Cats - very uncommon, no survival data
61
What is a gastrointestinal stromal tumor?
Leiomyosarcoma with more than smooth muscle Primarily originate form interstitial cells of Cajal = pacemaker cells of the GI tract -express C-kit
62
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors have a predilection for what site?
Cecum
63
Prognosis for gastrointestinal stromal tumors?
MST 11.6months IF they survive post op They usually die of septic peritonitis b/c masses rupture before diagnosis

RUSVM SAM 2 (44 decks)

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