Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RUSVM SAM 2 > Mast Cell Tumors > Flashcards

Mast Cell Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cutaneous tumor in dogs and cats?

A

Dog : mast cell

Cat : basal cell tumor > mast cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The systemic form of mast cell tumors are called??

A

Mastocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Breeds predisposed to mast cell tumors?

A

Dog: boxer, bull terrier, boston terrier, and bulldog

Cat: Siamese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mean age of presentation with mast cell tumors?

A

8-9yrs in both cats and dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F: Boxers are predisposed to mast cell tumors and tend to have vary aggressive variants

A

False

Tend to have lower grade/less aggressive variants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cutaneous MCT tend to be in what location on the body?

A

Cats: head and neck

Dog: trunk > extremities> head/heck

Can also be found in oral cavity, larynx, trachea, mediastinum, GI tract, and nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mast cells are composed of cytoplasmic granules which contain which substances??

A

Vasoactive - histamine, prostaglandins

Heparin-proteoglycan

Chemotactic factors

Proteolytic enzymes

Serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A disturbance of a mast cell tumor can lead to Darier’s sign which appears how?

A

Erythema, swelling

If severe.. anaphylaxis and hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do mast cell tumors lead to GI ulcers?

A

Histamine stimulates H2 receptors on gastric parietal cells = increase gastric acid secretion

Plasma histamine levels = initially increase in dog with gross MCT and progressively increase in dog with poor tumor control and MCT-associated GI signs

Histamine damages gastric submucosal vasculature —> small venue and capillary dilation, increased endothelial permeability and results in intravascular thrombosis, decreased gastric blood flow, and ischemic necrosis of mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you control degranulation from MCT?

A

Premed with H1 antagonsit to prevent platelet degranulation, anaphylaxis, and hypotension during handling

Management with H1 and H2 antagonist during interval from diagnosis to tx or from tx time until confirmation of local dz

Long term usage with systemic dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What effect does degranulation have on surgery?

A

Delayed wound healing
-local effects of proteolytic enzymes and vasoactive amines

Hypotension
- histamine and other vasoactive amines

Local hemorrhage
-heparin release from MCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F: surgical dehiscence is a common problem with mast cell tumors

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Work up and staging of MCT?

A

MDB
Regional LN aspirated
—> only tests if no neg prognostic indicators present

Abdominal ultrasound and bone marrow aspiration if negative risk factors present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F: MCT commonly met to lungs

A

False

They do NOT met to lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stage the MCT..

1 incompletely excised cutaneous MCT

A

Stage 0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stage the MCT

1 cutaneous MCT

A

Stage 1

17
Q

Stage the MCT..

1 cutaneous MCT with regional lymph node met

A

Stage 2

18
Q

Stage the MCT..

Multiple MCT or a large infiltrative MCT with or without LN mets

A

Stage 3

19
Q

Stage the MCT..

Any MCT with distant mets for BM involvement

A

Stage 4

20
Q

What are the two distinct types of MCT in cats ?

A

Mastocytic (more common) - histologically simile to dogs

Histiocytic - characterized by histiocytic-like MC

21
Q

What is the therapy and prognosis for mastocytic MCT?

A

Surgical excision (doesn’t require wide excision)

Splenic/Visceral MCT - Good prognosis with splenectomy

Intestinal MCT - poor prognosis

22
Q

What is the prognosis and therapy for a histiocytic MCT in a cat?

A

Good prognosis

- treatment is to wait and see because they can spontaneously regress over 4-24months

23
Q

How are MCT graded?

A

Well, moderately, poorly differenated - based on the amount of cytoplasmic granules, degree of anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, and nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio

Kiupel system= more simple, objective and based solely on cellular features that could be evaluated cytologically

24
Q

What is the treatment of a cutaneous MCT?

A

Localized - wide excision (2-3cm with deep fascial plane )

—> complete excision/low grade - DONE
—> complete excision/high-grade - adjunct chemo

Localized non-respectable
—> RT alone control 50% for 1yr
—> chemo to down stage then surgery
—>chemo alone control 64% but short lived

25
Q

What do you do if you remove a MCT but have incomplete margins ?

A

Scar revision

Surveillance —> only 20-30% recurred (not ideal for high grade variants)

RT - 2yr control rate of 85-95%

Chemo

26
Q

How do you treat disseminated disease with a local tumor?

A

Adjunctive chemo in combo with surgery/RT to control bulky disease

27
Q

What chemotherapy is given for MCT?

A

Pre/vinblastine MST 3.8yrs

Cyclophosphamide/VBL for microscopic residual dz : MST. 5.8yrs

28
Q

T/F: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors should be used in all MCT cases because they all express KIT genes

A

False

They all express KIT genes but only 20-40% have the c-KIT mutation -> prognostic panel tests for mutation to see if TKI would be useful in treatment

29
Q

What are the patient related prognostic factors for MCT?

A

Breed - boxers and other brachycephalic tend to have less aggressive variants

Systemic signs - associated with higher stage

Location- worse prog if subungual, oral or other mm’s, preputial and scrotal, visceral or BM. SQ do better.

Stage= higher stage worse

30
Q

What are tumor related prognosis factors for MCT?

A

**Size - greater than 5cm have worse survivial

Growth rate/time tumor present
- slow growth = less aggressive

**Molecular markers - ckit = worse

**Proliferation rate

Microvessel density - increased = high grade

  • *Recurrence
  • *Histologic grade - strong predictor of outcome
31
Q

T/F: multiple tumors is a negative prognostic factor for MCT

A

False

Many studies show that outcome of multiple tumors is similar to single MCT if adequate treatment initiated for each mass

RUSVM SAM 2 (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions