Feline Lower Urinary Tract Dz Flashcards
What are potential etiologies of FLUTD?
Bacterial Uroliths Neoplasia Trauma Anatomical Behavioural Feline interstitial cystitis
What are risk factors for FLUTD?
Age (2-6yrs) Not enough litter boxes Mainly indoor Dry cat food Inactive Stress Obesity Seasonality Sediment Bacterial/viral infection
What changes occur in the mucosa and submucosa of the bladder that contribute to feline idiopathic cystitis?
Mucosa
- altered glycosaminoglycans excretion
- increased ion leakage across urothelium
Submucosa
-mast cells —> histamine release contributes to inflammation
What abnormalities occur with the SNS and pain fibers with feline idiopathic cystitis ??
Afferent sensory information - substance P (sesitizaiton)
C pain fibers activated by capsaicin that binds C-fiber vanilloid receptors
In what ways does stress contribute to feline idiopathic cystitis ??
Neural —> stress activates peripheral nerves (catecholamines) , hormones (cortisol), and immune complexes (pro-inflammatory cytokines)
Clinical signs of FLUTD?
Hematuria
Stranguria
Pollakiuria
Inappropriate urination
Palpate a large firm bladder
Inability to urinate (blocked) vs periuria
T/F: cytoscopy can be used to diagnosis Feline idopathic cystitis?
True
Areas of hemorrhage —> interstitial cystitis
Treatment for FLUTD??
Environmental enrichment is the only beneficial treatment
- Reduce stress (feliway/quite/dark)
- increase number of litter boxes
- water sources
- activity/ playing
Prazosin -> relaxes internal bladder sphincter (no EBM to show significant improvement)
Removal of obstruction (cath, IV fluids)
Dietary - avoid freq changes, wet food
What drugs therapy can aid in FLUTD treatment?
Analgesics-opioids
Prazosin
Questionable —> antihistamine, glycosaminoglycans, and diazepam/methocarbamol
What are potential diseases of the vagina?
Hemorrhage Vaginitis Hyperplasia Prolapse Neoplasia Persistent hymen
If you suspect a disease of the genital tract, what will your initial diagnostics include??
PE with vaginal speculum exam and rectal
Cytology
Imaging
Vaginoscopy
What effect does estrogen have on the vagina?
Hyperplasia —> can lead to prolapse
What types of neoplasia can be found within the genital tract??
Leiomyoma/leiomyosarcoma
Transmissible venereal tumor
What are diseases of the prostate?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Prostatic cysts (paraprostatic/prostatic)
Prostatitis
Neoplasia
Clinical signs of prostatic dz?
Fecal —> obstruction of pelvic inlet can cause blockage
Urnary —> stranguria
Systemic —> painful
Orthopedic / neurological —> pressure of sciatic nerve
What is the presenting complaint for prostatic disease?
Variable from asymptomatic to LUTD signs or difficult defecation, or systemically ill
You suspect genital disease in a male dog, what will your initial diagnosics include?
PE Rectal exam UA and culture CBC and biochem Imaging/met check Cytology -> cyst aspiration Microbial Biopsy/histopathology
What is benign prostatic hyperplasia ??
Normal aging change
Can cause constipation —> LUTD
Rectal finding
Risk of other prostatic disease
T/F: all intact male dogs with UTI have prostatitis?
True
Presentation of acute prostatitis ?
Sick animal
Painful
T/F: acute prostatitis is more common than a chronic prostatitis
False
Chronic > acute
What are usually the signs associated with chronic prostatic??
Recurrent UTI or preputial discharge
Usually non-painful
Systemically enlarged
What is the therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia??
Surgical (orchidectomy)
Medical/chemical castrations -GnRH, gestagens
Therapy for prostatic cysts ?
Drainage
Marsupialize —> cutting a slit into cyst and suture the edge to form a continuous surface with the exterior surface
