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RUSVM SAM 2 > Crusting Skin Diseases > Flashcards

Crusting Skin Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary keratinization disorders?

A 
Zinc responsive dermatosis 
Sebaceous adentitis 
Primary idiopathic seborrhea (vit A resp) 
Schauzers comedo syndrome 
Ear margin dermatosis
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2
Q

What do you call dry skin with white to grey flakes or scales?

A

Seborrhea sicca

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3
Q

What do you call oily, greasy skin/ haircoat, of the with rancid odor, sticky, or yellow scales?

A

Seborrhea oleosa

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4
Q

T/F: seborrhea, crust, and scale are usually secondary to another process

A

True

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5
Q

What are the two types of zinc responsive dermatosis?

A

Syndrome 1
- decreased capacity to absorb zinc from intestines

Syndrome 2
- dietary deficiency (rare)

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6
Q

Clinical signs of zinc responsive dermatosis

A

Pruritus and scales/crusts

  • mouth, chin, eyes, ears
  • elbow, pressure points
  • scrotum, prepuce, vulva

Hyperkeratotic footpads

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7
Q

What is the treatment for zinc-responsive dermatosis??

A

Oral zinc usually required for life

Fatty acids: omega 3 and 6

Short term, low dose glucocorticoids

Treat secondary infection if present
Use keratolytic shampoos

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8
Q

Sebaceous adenitis is most commonly seen in what breeds?

A

Poodle, akitas, vizslas, samoyeds, and Belgium shepherds

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9
Q

Clinical signs of sebaceous adenitits?

A

Bilaterally symmetrical - prominent on face, head, pinnae, and trunk
Follicular casts

Ceruminous otitis externa
Some dogs have rat tail
Generally non-pruritic

Cats have multifocal annular lesions of scale, crust, broken hairs, hair cats, and alopecia

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10
Q

DDX for follicular casts?

A 
Sebaceous adenitis Staphylococcal folliculitis 
Demodecosis 
Dermatophytosis 
Keratinization defect 
Follicular dysplasia 
Endocrinopathies
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11
Q

Treatment of adenitis

A

Keratinolytic shampoos

Omega 3/6 fatty acids

Retinoids
Cyclosporine if retinoids fail

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12
Q

How can you diagnose primary idiopathic seborrhea?

A

Exclude all other causes of seborrhea, scale, crust

Eliminate secondary factors (pyoderma, malassezia, dermatophytes, mites)

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13
Q

Treatment of primary idiopathic seborrhea?

A 
Oral vit A 
—inhibit sebum production 
— decreases keratin proliferation 
— stimulates humoral and cellular immunity 
—anti-inflammatory

Shampoos

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14
Q

What type of shampoo would you use with a primary idiopathic seborrhea with dry skin/haircoat ?

A

Use moisturizing Hampton — chlorhexiderm, allergroom, epi-soothe, etc

Emollient to coat with lipid
— humectant will draw water into epidemics from dermis (humiliation or hydra-pearls)

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15
Q

What type of shampoo would you use with a primary idiopathic seborrhea with oily skin/haircoat ?

A

Degreaser

— sebalyt, sebbafon, oxydex, selsun blue

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16
Q

What is a inherited dysplasia of the hair follicle resulting in the formation comedones (blackheads)0 on the back

A

Schnauzer comedo syndrome

17
Q

What lesions do you see in schnauzer comedo syndrome?

A

Secondary folliculitis and furunculosis

18
Q

How can you treat schauzers comedo syndrome?

A

Can’t be cured

Regular antiseptic and anti-seborrhea shampoo
Humectants after shampoo
Topical benzoyl peroxide gel
Isotretinoin

19
Q

What is ear margin dermatosis?

A

Scaly condition of ear margins
Follicular casts and partial alopecia

Many affected breeds have pendulous ears

20
Q

Who is the poster child for ear margin dermatosis

A

Dachshund

21
Q

What is the RX for ear margin dermatosis?

A

Moisturizing agents
Topical sulfur salicylic acid shampoo
Topical glucocorticoids

For complicated case: pentoxifylline

22
Q

What are the underlying causes of superficial necrolytic dermatitis (SND)

A 
Hypoaminoacidemai 
Diabetes mellitus 
Chronic liver disease 
Phenobarbital hepatotoxicity 
Pancreatic glucagonoma (rare)
23
Q

What is the signalment of superficial necrolytic dermatitis? What is the most common locations ?

A

Mean age 10yrs
Smaller breeds most often

Onset of skin disease BEFORE clinical signs of hepatic/pancreatic disease

Footpads 100% involved
Mucocutaenous junctions involved in about 50%
Legs, hocks, elbow, ear pinna

24
Q

How does superficial necrolytic dermatitis?

A

Hyperkeratotic, crusty, cracking footpads

Erythema, scaling, crusting, erosive
Distal limbs, mouth, eyes, ear pinnae, elbow, hock, genitalia, ventral area, oral cavity

Secondary bacterial or yeast infections

25
Q

How do you diagnose superficial necrolytic dermatitis?

A

Hemogram and blood chem profile

  • can be normal
  • increased ALT, ALP, AST, bili
  • decreased BUN, albumin, glucose

Abd US: unique ‘honey-comb’ pattern in liver or mass in pancrease

Biopsy lesions

26
Q

What is a self-induced traum of the skin through excessive licking and chewing

A

Acral lick granuloma

27
Q

What is the treatment for an acral lick granuloma?

A 
Treat underlying cause 
Treat secondary bacteria 
Topical analgesia/physical barrier/bad tasting preparations 
Steroids? 
Tricyclics antidepressants 
Serotonin re-uptake inhibitors
28
Q

Pathogenesis of idiopathic lipoid onychodystrophy?

A

Lupus-like disease resulting in claw loss

Highest in young adult and middle age dogs

29
Q

Clinical signs of idiopathic lipoid onychodystrophy

A

Acute nail loss on all claws

Nails are deformed, brittle with secondary infection

30
Q

What other claw abnormalities do you rule out to diagnose idiopathic lupoid onychodystrophy ?

A

Bacterial paroncyhia, primary or secondary

Broken or torn mail

Neoplasia — SCC, subungual keratochanthoma, melanoma, fibrosarcoma

Immune mediated

31
Q

What is the diagnosis and treatment for idiopathic lupoid onychodystrophy

A

Histopathology
Amputation P3/dewclaw

Treat secondary infections 
Essential fatty acids, vit E 
Improvement within 3-4months 
If no improvement 
-niacinamide/tetracycline
-steroids

RUSVM SAM 2 (44 decks)

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