Uro/endo week: Prostate Flashcards

1
Q

What does a normal prostate feel like

A
  • Firm (not hard)
  • Smooth without nodules
  • Clearly defined median sulcus
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2
Q

What features of a prostate indicate cancer

A
  • Hard instead of firm
  • Nodular
  • Lack if clear median sulcus
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3
Q

Risk factors for prostate cancer

A
  • Increasing age (average age 72y)
  • Ethnicity (black African/ black Caribbean)
  • Family history
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4
Q

What is PSA

A

Protease that liquifies semen

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5
Q

List voiding lower urinary tract symptoms

A
  • Weak/ intermittent urinary stream
  • Straining
  • Hesitancy
  • Terminal dribbling
  • Incomplete emptying
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6
Q

List storage lower urinary tract symptoms

A
  • Urgency
  • Frequency
  • Urgency incontinence
  • Nocturia
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7
Q

List post micturition lower urinary tract symptoms

A

Post-micturition dribbling

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8
Q

Prostate and testicular tumour -which causes a raised PSA and which doesn’t

A

Prostate: raised PSA
Testicular: not affected

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9
Q

Causes of a raised PSA

A
  • BPH
  • recent ejaculation
  • digital rectal examination
  • prostate cancer
  • catheterisation
  • UTI
  • urine retention
  • older age
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10
Q

What is a varicocele and what does it feel like

A

Dilated veins in scrotum (in the pampiniform plexus)

Feels like bag of worms

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11
Q

What should be done if a scrotal varicocele is found o/e

A

Renal USS

Exclude renal or retroperitoneal tumour

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