Uro/endo week: Prostate Flashcards
1
Q
What does a normal prostate feel like
A
- Firm (not hard)
- Smooth without nodules
- Clearly defined median sulcus
2
Q
What features of a prostate indicate cancer
A
- Hard instead of firm
- Nodular
- Lack if clear median sulcus
3
Q
Risk factors for prostate cancer
A
- Increasing age (average age 72y)
- Ethnicity (black African/ black Caribbean)
- Family history
4
Q
What is PSA
A
Protease that liquifies semen
5
Q
List voiding lower urinary tract symptoms
A
- Weak/ intermittent urinary stream
- Straining
- Hesitancy
- Terminal dribbling
- Incomplete emptying
6
Q
List storage lower urinary tract symptoms
A
- Urgency
- Frequency
- Urgency incontinence
- Nocturia
7
Q
List post micturition lower urinary tract symptoms
A
Post-micturition dribbling
8
Q
Prostate and testicular tumour -which causes a raised PSA and which doesn’t
A
Prostate: raised PSA
Testicular: not affected
9
Q
Causes of a raised PSA
A
- BPH
- recent ejaculation
- digital rectal examination
- prostate cancer
- catheterisation
- UTI
- urine retention
- older age
10
Q
What is a varicocele and what does it feel like
A
Dilated veins in scrotum (in the pampiniform plexus)
Feels like bag of worms
11
Q
What should be done if a scrotal varicocele is found o/e
A
Renal USS
Exclude renal or retroperitoneal tumour