Neuro week: speech & language Flashcards
Difference between
- dysphasia
- dysphagia
- dysarthria
- dysphonia
Dysphasia: unable to understand/form language
Dysphagia: swallowing dysfunction due to corticobulbar pathway damage
Dysarthria: unclear articulation of speech. Due to corticobulbar/CN nuclei dysfunction
Dysphonia: disorder of voice (rough or strained) or phonation
Flaccid/spastic dysarthria is also known as
- bulbar/psuedobulbar palsy
- UMN/LMN
FLACCID
- bulbar palsy
- LMN
SPASTIC
- pseudobulbar palsy
- UMN
Describe flaccid dysarthria
- Hypernasal
- Reduced breath control (out of breath),
- Imprecise articulation
Describe spastic dysarthria
- Slow/laboured speech
- Low/monotonous pitch
What might cause flaccid dysarthria
- stroke
- myasthenia gravis
- facial palsy
- MND
What might cause spastic dysarthria
- stroke
- tumour
- encephalitis
Describe hyperkinetic dysarthria
- Sudden bursts of breath/ loudness/ pitch
- Not articulate
- Often has involuntary body and face movements
Describe hypokinetic dysarthria
- Reduced vocal emphasis
- Fast speech
Describe ataxic dysarthria
- Irregular pitch or loudness
- Artificially measured pace
What might cause hyperkinetic dysarthria
- stroke
- cerebral palsy
- Huntington’s
What might cause hypokinetic dysarthria
- Parkinson’s
- drug-induced
What might cause ataxic dysarthria
- Stroke
- Alcohol
- other toxic infections
Difference between apraxia and dysphonia
APRAXIA: difficulty in speech motor control
DYSPHONIA: disorder of voice or phonation (roughness or strained or breathy)
What brain system is affected in hyperkinetic dysarthria
Extrapyramidal system (eg Huntington’s, cerebral palsy)
What brain system is affected in hypokinetic dysarthria
Extrapyramidal system (eg Parkinson’s)
