MSK week: Hip & knee anatomy and pathology

Question 1

Blood supply to head and neck of femur

Answer 1

• branch of obturator A
• lateral femoral circumflex A
• medial femoral circumflex A

Question 2

3 common hip problems in children (from youngest to oldest)

Answer 2

1. Developmental dysplasia of hip
2. Perthes disease
3. Slipped upper femoral epiphysis

Question 3

2 common hip problems in adults

Answer 3

1. Arthritis

2. Hip fractures

Question 4

What is developmental dysplasia of hip

Answer 4

Loose hip joint (socket of hip too shallow, femoral head not held in place)

Question 5

3 Risk factors for developmental dysplasia of hip

Answer 5

1. Breech delivery
2. Family history
3. Being female

Question 6

Describe Galeazzi’s sign

Answer 6

• bend hips and knees

- see if both femurs are same length

Question 7

Describe Barlow’s and Ortolani’s test

Answer 7

(Only do if Galeazzi’s is positive)

Barlows’s - ATTEMPT TO DISLOCATE HIP

• flex, adduct and push hip backwards
• if hip dislocates, it is unstable

Ortolani’s -RELOCATE HIP
-if Barlow’s was positive

Question 8

What is Perthes disease

Answer 8

Temporary avascular necrosis of femoral epiphysis.

Leads to revascularisation, repair, remodelling of femoral head

Question 9

In what age group does Perthes tend to get picked up

Answer 9

Age 4-8 years

more common in males

Question 10

What happens in SUFE (slipped upper femoral epiphysis)

Answer 10

Fracture in growth plate

Leads to slipping of femur epiphhysis

Question 11

In what age group does SUFE tend to occur

Answer 11

Puberty

M: 12-16yo
F: 10-15yo

Question 12

Risk factors for developing SUFE

Answer 12

• tall, thin
• hypothyroidism
• hypopituitarinism
• hypogonadism

Question 13

Which type of hip fracture (intracapsular/extracapsular) is worse? Why?

Answer 13

Intracapsular is worse

Blood supply is cut off

Question 14

Which side are collateral ligament injuries more common

Answer 14

Medial side (more weight on that side)