Neuro week: Ears Flashcards

1
Q

Questions to ask in ear history

A
  • hearing loss
  • pain (otalgia)
  • discharge
  • noises (tinnitus)
  • dizziness (vertigo)
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2
Q

External, middle, internal ear

Which is affected in conductive/sensorineural hearing loss

A

External and middle in conductive

Internal in sensorineural

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3
Q

Questions to ask in a dizziness history

A
  • how long problems have occurred for
  • attacks or constant, frequency
  • movement sensation
  • how long is each attack (seconds, minutes, hours)
  • associated symptoms
  • exacerbating and relieving factors
  • response to treatments
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4
Q

Otological causes of vertigo

A
  • BPPV
  • vestibular neuronitis
  • labyrinthitis (hearing loss + vertigo)
  • Meniere’s disease
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5
Q

Define tinnitus

A

Sound heard for more than 5 minutes in absence of external stimulation.

NOT after exposure to loud noise

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6
Q

What causes tinnitus

A

Aberrant spontaneous activity from altered state of excitation or inhibition with auditory system

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7
Q

What to assess on examination of a dizzy patient

A
  • Ear test
  • nystagmus
  • head thrust
  • lower CN
  • coordination
  • tremor, gait
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8
Q

What is cyclizine

A

Vestibular suppressant

Treatment for vertigo
Anti-emetic

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9
Q

Non-otological causes of vertigo

A
  • migraine
  • stroke
  • loss of consciousness
  • neck pain
  • getting up too quickly from bed
  • palpitations
  • anxiety
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10
Q

What happens in Meniere’s disease

A

Swelling of endolymphatic space in inner ear

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