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Stage 3: FOCP > MSK week: conditions > Flashcards

MSK week: conditions Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of acute inflammatory arthritis

A
  • septic arthritis
  • gout/ pseudogout
  • reactive arthritis
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2
Q

3 types of chronic inflammatory arthritis

A
  • RA
  • psoriatic arthritis
  • chronic tophaceous gout
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3
Q

Type of inflammatory arthritis that affects spine

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

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4
Q

Risk factors for septic arthritis

A
  • overlying/ penetrating infection
  • prosthetis, surgery
  • age
  • diabetes
  • RA
  • corticosteroids
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5
Q

What kind of aspirate does one get with acute gout

A

Chalky white aspirate,

contains uric acid crystals

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6
Q

Risk factors for acute gout

A
  • alcohol
  • diet (too much urate)
  • renal failure
  • chemotherapy
  • dehydration
  • psoriasis
  • haemolysis
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7
Q

What condition might tophus (chalky white deposits) indicate

A

Chronic tophaceous gout

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8
Q

Difference between crystal content of gout and pseudogout

A

Gout: uric acid crystals

Pseudogout: calcium pyrophosphate crystals

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9
Q

Is varus or valgus more common? Why?

A 
Varus = bow legged
Valgus = knock kneed

VARUS is more common, due to medial side of knee wearing out first

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10
Q

Which condition is associated with

  • subcutaneous skin nodules
  • bony nodules
A

subcutaneous skin nodules: RA

bony nodules: OA

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11
Q

Which condition is associated with:

Malar flush

A

SLE

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12
Q

Which condition is associated with:

episodic ischaemia fingers

A

Raynaud’s

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13
Q

Which condition(s) is associated with:

Conjuctivitis

A
  • ankylosing spondylitis

- reactive arthritis

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14
Q

Which condition(s) is associated with:

Blue sclera

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

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15
Q

Which condition(s) is associated with:

Mouth ulcers

A

SLE

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16
Q

Which condition(s) is associated with:

Dry eyes, dry mouth

A
  • RA

- Sjorgrens

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17
Q

Important class of drug to ask about in MSK history + why

A

Corticosteroids

Long term use can lead to vascular necrosis

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18
Q

Which type of arthritis might symmetrical symptoms point to

A

RA

OA usually affects 1 side worse than the other

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19
Q

Which joints are most commonly affected in RA

A

Fingers: MCP, PIP
Toes: MTP

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20
Q

Which joints are most commonly affected in OA

A

Fingers: DIP, PIP, base of thumb

Weight bearing joints: hip, knee, spine

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21
Q

In which type of arthritis does morning stiffness last over 30min

A

RA

22
Q

Order of describing a bone xray/MRI

A
  1. coverage
  2. alignment
  3. bones
  4. spacing
  5. soft tissue
  6. edge of image
23
Q

What type of injuries cause flexion-distraction injuries of the spine

A

High force deceleration injuries

24
Q

Where do flexion-distraction injuries of the spine occur most commonly

A

Thoraco-lumbar region

25
Q

What may cause anterior compression injury of the spine

A

Traumatic hyperflexion with compression

common in osteoporotic patients, occur from low impact injuries/movements

26
Q

4 cardinal signs of arthritis on Xray

A
  1. joint space loss
  2. osteophytes
  3. subchondral sclerosis
  4. subchondral cysts
27
Q

Which joints are most commonly affected in psoriatic arthritis

A

All joints

28
Q

What type of infections might lead to reactive arthritis

A

HIV
chlamydia
gastroenteritis

29
Q

Triad of symptoms of reactive arthritis (Reiter’s syndrome)

A
  1. Inflammation of multiple large joints
  2. UTI
  3. Uveitis/ conjunctivitis
30
Q

What kind of distinctive feature would be seen on xray/MRI of a person with ankylosing spondylitis

A

Bamboo spine

31
Q

3 signs of synovitis

A
  1. warmth
  2. swelling
  3. tenderness
32
Q

Common sites of osteoporotic fractures

A

Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

Proximal femur

Distal radius (colles fracture)

33
Q

In which group of people does gout almost never occur

A

Premenopausal women

34
Q

Can soft tissue swelling be seen on x-ray in gout

A

yes

35
Q

What would positive versus negative birefringent crystals on a joint aspirate indicate

A

Negative: gout
Positive: pseudogout

36
Q

What is haemochromatosis

A

Build up of iron in body

37
Q

Which joints are most commonly affected in haemochromatosis

A

MCP joints of thumb and index finger

38
Q

Symptoms of haemochromatosis

A
  • finger arthritis
  • chronic fatigue, weakness, lethary
  • RUQ or diffuse abdominal pain
  • enlarged liver, abnormal liver function, cirrhosis, liver cancer
  • cardiomyopathy
  • T2DM
  • loss of sex drive in men
  • oligomenorrhoea/ amenorrhoea in women
  • grey/bronze skin
  • neuro disorders: impaired memory, mood swings, depression
  • decreased body hair
39
Q

Where are Heberden and Bouchard nodes?

Which type of arthritis are they associated with?

A

Heberden: DIP
Bouchard: PIP

Associated with OA

40
Q

In which type of arthritis would one get squaring of the hands (due to thumb base protrusion)

A

OA

41
Q

List 5 hand deformities one might find with rheumatoid arthritis

A
  • Ulnar deviation
  • Swan neck
  • Boutonnieres deformity of the fingers
  • Z deformities of thumb
  • Piano key deformity of wrist
42
Q

What might one find in a CXR of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis

A

Nodules, fibrosis, effusions

43
Q

What type of anaemia will one get with rheumatoid arthritis

A

Normochromic, normocytic

anaemia of chronic disease

44
Q

Which types of arthritis are seronegative - HLA-B27

A
  • ankylosing spondylitis
  • psoriatic arthritis
  • reactive arthritis
45
Q

What is oncholysis and what conditions is it associated with?

A

Oncholysis: painless detachment of the nail from the nail bed

Associated with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, thyrotoxicosis

46
Q

What is dactylitis and what arthritic conditions is it associated with

A

Swelling of entire digit (due to swelling of tendons surrounding the joint)

Associated with seronegative arthritis: ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis

47
Q

Specific investigations for rheumatoid arthritis

A
  • CRP, ESR
  • rheumatoid factor
  • anti-CCP
  • xray
48
Q

3 most common places affected by reactive arthritis

A
  1. joints
  2. eyes
  3. urethra
49
Q

Conditions that cause osteoporosis

A
  • alcoholism
  • anorexia
  • hyperthyroidism
  • kidney disease
  • surgical removal of ovaries
  • smoking
  • insufficient exercise
  • menopause
50
Q

Which arthritis may cause sausage toes

A

Psoriatic arthritis

Stage 3: FOCP (47 decks)

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