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Pediatrics > Uro and Gyne > Flashcards

Uro and Gyne Flashcards

1
Q

UTI is most common in children under what age?

A

1 year

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2
Q

UTIs are caused by 54-67% by this bacteria

A

Escherichia coli

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3
Q

2 basic forms of UTI

A

Pyelonephritis
Cystitis

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4
Q

most common serious bacterial infection in infants younger than 24 months of age who have fever without an obvious focus

A

Pyelonephritis

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5
Q

In uncircumcised males, bacteral pathogens that cause UTI arise from?

A

flora beneath the prepuce

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6
Q

Enumerate or give examples of risk factors for UTI

A

Female gender
Uncircumcised male
Vesicoureteral reflux
Toilet training
Voiding dysfunction
Obstructive uropathy
Urethral instrumentation
Sources of external iritation (tight clothing, pinworm infestation)
Constipation
Anatomic abnormality (labial adhesion)
Neuropathic bladder
Sexual activity
Pregnancy

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7
Q

This diagnostic test is necessary for confirmation and appropriate therapy in UTI

A

Urine culture

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8
Q

Urine culture result suggestive of UTI

A

> 50,000 CFU/mL of a single pathogen, urinalysis has pyuria or bacteriuria in a symptomatic child

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9
Q

True or false: repeat urine culture is necessary after the termination of treatment of UTI

A

False
Not routinely needed
typically become negative within 24 hour of initiation of antibiotic therapy

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10
Q

main consequences of chronic renal damage caused by pyelonephritis

A

Arterial hypertension
End stage renal insufficiency

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11
Q

what are the urologic conditions that can cause recurrent UTIs might benefit from long term antibiotic prophylaxis

A

Neuropathic bladder
Urinary tract stasis and obstruction
Severe VUR
Urinary calculi

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12
Q

VUR is most common among males. True or false?

A

False, 80% of the cases are female, average age of diagnosis is 2-3 yr of age

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13
Q

most common disorder of sexual differentiation in males

A

Cryptochid/undescended testis

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14
Q

when does testicular descent occur?

A

7-8 months of gestation

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15
Q

during this month, once testis is still undescended, it will remain undescended

A

4 months of age

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16
Q

Potential consequences of cryptochordism

A

-poor testicular growth
- testicular malignancy
- associated hernia
- torsion of the cryptorchid testis
- psychological effects of an empty scrotum

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17
Q

peak age of developing a malignant testis tmor

A

15-45 yr

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18
Q

most common tumor developing in an undescended testis in an adolescent or adult

A

seminoma (65%)

19
Q

when is the recommended time to treat surgically congenital undescended testis

A

9-15 months of age

20
Q

differential diagnosis for painful scrotal swelling

A

testicular torsion or incarcerated inguinal hernia or epididymitis

21
Q

most common casuse of severe testicular pain in makes >12 yr and older

A

Testicular (spermatic cord) torsion

22
Q

Golden period of absent blood flow to the testis which will cause irreversible loss of spermatogenesis in torsion

A

4-6 hours

23
Q

treatment for testicular torsion

A

surgical exploration and detorsion

24
Q

most common cause of testitcular pain in males 4-10 yr

A

torsion of the appendix testis

25
Q

most common (and virtually the only) surgically correctable cause of infertility in males

A

Varicocele

26
Q

presents as a painless paratesticular mass

A

varicocele

27
Q

accumulation of fluid in the tunica vaginalis

A

hydrocele

28
Q

hydrocele fluid disappears by what age?

A

1 year

29
Q

90% of urinary stones contain what type of element as a major constituent

A

calcium

30
Q

Factors that promote stone formation

A

Low urine volume
Low urine pH
Calcium
Na
Oxalate
Urate

31
Q

give examples of inorganic and organic substances that inhibit stone formation

A

Citrate
Magnesium
Glycosaminoglycans
Osteopontin

32
Q

most narrow segment of the ureter where calculus typically causes obstruction

A

ureterovesical junction

33
Q

this medication is an alpha adrenergic blocker that can facilitate stone passage

A

Tamsulosin (0.4 mg)
- decreases ureteral pressure below the stone, decreases the frequency of the peristaltic contractions of the obstructed ureter

34
Q

effective method of preventing stones

A

High fluid intake
— because lithiasis results from elevated concentrations of specific substances in the urine

35
Q

most common gynecologic-based problem for prepubertal children

A

vulvovaginitis

36
Q

most common dermatologic problem in infancy

A

diaper dermatitis

37
Q

accumulation of mucus or nonsanguineous fluid in the vagina

A

hydrocolpos

38
Q

accumulation of blood in the vagina

A

hematocolpos

39
Q

accumulation of blood in the uterus

A

hematometra

40
Q

accumulation of serous fluid in the fallopian tube

A

hydrosalpinx

41
Q

two cervices, each associated with one uterine horn

A

didelphic uterus

42
Q

one cervix associagted with 2 uterine horns

A

bicornuate uterus

43
Q

one cervix and one uterine horn

A

unicornuate uterus
— result of failure of one müllerian duct to descend

Pediatrics (17 decks)

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