Immuno/Allergy Flashcards
Most common typical manifestation of immunodeficiency in children
Recurrent sinopulmonary infections
most common type of immunodeficiency
Antibody defects
This condition is suspected if a patient has recurrent staphylococcal abscesses or fungal infections
Chronic granulomatous disease
this condition should be suspected if lymphoid hypoplasia is found in physical examination
X-linked agamaglobulinemia
3 clinical presentation of SCID
- infection
- GVHD
- Omenn syndrome
key feature of SCID
almost all patients will have a low lymphocyte count
most common hematologic abnormality of allergic patients
eosinophilia
— >500 eosinophils/uL
INTERMITTENT Allergic rhinitis
<4 days per week or
<4 weeks at a time
PERSISTENT Allergic rhinitis
> 4 times a week and/or
4 weeks at time
most common chronic relapsing skin disease in infancy and childhood
Atopic Dermatitis (AD)
hallmark of AD
Severly dry skin
cardinal features of AD
Intense pruritus (especially at night) and cutaneous reactivity
3 major features of AD
- Pruritus
- eczematous dermatitis
- chronic/chronically relapsing course
Major features of Atopic Dermatitis
- pruritus
- facial and extensor eczema in infants and children/ flexural eczema in adolescents
- chronic or relapsing dermatitis
- personal or family history of atopic disease
first line therapy in Atopic dermatitis
Moisturizers
cornerstone of antiinflammatory treatment for acute exacerbations of AD
Topical corticosteroids
serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death
Anaphylaxis
most common cause of anaphylaxis occuring outside the hospital
Food allergy
this test remains elevated for several hours during anaphylaxis
Plasma tryptase
how to diagnose anaphylaxis
highly likely when 1 of the ff 3 criteria is fulfilled
1. Acute onset of an illness with skin and/or mucosal tissue involvement and at least 1 of the ff:
a. respiratory compromise
b. reduced BP or associated symptoms of end-organ dysfunction (hypotonia, syncope, incontinence)
- 2 or more of the ff that occur rapidly after exposure
a. involvement of the skin/mucosal tissue
b. respiratory compromise
c. reduced BP or assoc symptoms
d. persistent GI symptoms - Reduced BP ff exposure to known allergen
a. Infants and children: low systolic BP or >30% drop in systolic BP
most common cause of Food protein-induced enteropathy (FPE)
Cow’s milk sensitivity
most severe form of Food protein-induced enteropathy
Celiac disease
First line therapy for anaphylaxis
0.01 mg/kg epinephrine (1:1000) given IM every 5 to 15 minutes
Biphasic reaction of anaphylaxis can occur and be delayed up to how many hours
72
medications that can interfere serum testing for allergy
H1 blockers such as tricyclic antidepressants, first generation H1 blockers such as diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, cryproheptadine
second generation H1 blockers such as cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine
H2 blockers such as ranitidine
Muscle relaxants
Intranasal antihistamines
gold standard test for IgE mediated food allergy diagnosis
Food challenge
what are the different types of hypersensitivity disorders?
Type I - Immediate
Type II - Antibody mediated
Type III - Immuno complex mediated
Type IV - Delayed
most common cause of acute urticaria in children
Infectious diseases - specifically viruses
most common type of hereditary angioedema
Type I
most common symptom of hereditary angioedema
cutaneous nonpitting and nonpruritic edema with no urticaria
most feared complication of hereditary angioedema
Laryngeal edema
Patient present with recurrent staphylococcal abscesses, staphylococcal pneumonia with pneumatocele formation and has a course facial features and pruritic dermatitis
HyperIgE syndrome
What condition in children that presents with persistent thrush, failure to thrive, pneumonia and diarrhea
Severe combined immunodeficiency
Patient presents with oculocutaneous albinism, nystagmus, recurrent bacterial infection and peripheral neuropathies
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
cardinal features of atopic dermatitis (AD)
intense pruritus especially atnight and cutaneous reactivity
Give the triggers for pruritus in Atopic Dermatitis
Foods — cow’s milk, egg, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, wheat, fish, shellfish
Aeroallergens
Infection
Reduced humidity
Excessive sweating
Irritants — wool, acrylic, soap, toiletries, fragrances and detergents
Pathophysiology in hereditary angioedema
low functional level of plasma C1 inhibitor (C1-INH)
Which among the food protein induced GI syndromes will most likely cause shock (seen in 15%) and does not cause failure to thrive
FPIES will cause shock
FPI Allergic Proctolitis (FPIAP) will not cause FTT
