Growth and Development Flashcards
Average length of a newborn
50 cm
average term weight of a newborn
3.4 kg or 7.5 pounds
average head circumference of a newborn
35 cm or 14 inches
weight of a newborn decreases by ___% in vaginal delivery and ___% in CS delivery in the 1st week of life
10%, 12%
During the first month of life, what is the weight gain per day
30 grams
weight gain by 4 months, 1 year old and 2.5 year old
4 months = 2x birthweight
1 year = 3x birthweight
2.5 years = 4x birthweight
4 domains in Developmental milestone
Gross Motor
Fine Motor
Communication and Language
Cognitive
developmental milestone at 2 months
Holds head steady while sitting
Stares momentarily at spot where object disappeared
Smiles in response to face and voice (1.5 mos)
developmental milestones at 3 months
pulls to sit with no head lag
Bring hands together in midline
Grasps rattle (3.5 mos)
developmental milestones at 4 months
Tonic neck reflex gone
Reaches for objects
Palmar grasp reflex gone
Stares at own hand
developmental milestones at 5 months
Transfers object hand to hand (5.5 mos)
developmental milestones at 6 months
Sits without support
Monosyllabic babble
Rolls back to stomach (6.5 months)
developmental milestones at 7 months
Inhibits to “no”
Follows 1 step command with gesture
developmental milestones at 8 months
Thumb-finger grasp
Bangs 2 cubes
Uncovers toy (after seeing it hidden)
developmental milestones at 10 months
Follows 1 step command without gesture
Says “mama” or “dada”
Points to object
developmental milestones at 12 months
Walks alone
Turns pages of book
Speaks first real word
Egocentric symbolic play (pretends to drink from cup)
developmental milestones at 13 months
Scribbles
developmental milestones at 15 months
Builds tower of 2 cubes
Speaks 4-6 words
developmental milestones at 17 months
Uses stick to reach toy
Pretend play with doll (gives doll bottle)
Average age when a child can run
16 months
developmental milestones at 18 months
Speaks 10-15 words
average age when a child can speak 2 word sentences
19 months
average age when a child can build tower of 6 cubes
22 months
object permanence is achieved by what age
9 months
Developmental screening starts at what month
9 months, 18, 24 and 30 months
Autism spectrum disorder screening tool is used at what age for screening
18 and 24 months
Visual acuity of 20/20 is reached by what age
4 yo
handedness is usually established by what age
3 years old
all 20 primary teeth should have erupted by what age
3 years old
most common manifestation of physical abuse
Bruises
Features suggestive of inflicted bruises
- bruising in a preambulatory infant
- bruising of padded and less exposed areas (buttocks, cheeks, ears, genitalia)
- patterned bruising or burns conforming to shape of an object or ligatures around the wrists
- multiple bruises, especially if clearly of different ages
Fractures that strongly suggest abuse
Classic metaphyseal lesions
Posterior rib fractures
Fractures of the scapula, sternum, and spinous processes
Features that strongly suggest Abusive Head Trauma
Subdural hematomas
Retinal hemorrhages
Diffuse axonal injury
most prevalent form of child maltreatment
Neglect
Formula of Midparental height
Boys: [(MH + 5 in) + PH]/2
Girls: [MH + (PH-5 in)]/2
Growth velocity in infancy
Birth-12 months: 24 cm/yr
12-24 mo: 10 cm/yr
24-36 mo: 8 cm/yr
Peak height velocity in adolescence
Girls: 8 cm/yr
Boys: 10 cm/yr
Conditions associated with disproportionate U/L ratio
Higher U/L ratio is seen in short-limb dwarfism and Turner Syndrome
Lower U/L ratio is seen in hypogonadism and Marfan Syndrome
