Cardiology Flashcards
what are the critical cyanotic CHD lesions
- hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- pulmonary atresia
- TOF
- TAPVR
- TGA
- Tricuspid atresia
- Truncus arteriosus
- Neonatal coarctation of the aorta
- Aortic arch hypoplasia/atresia
When is screening of CCHD is performed in newborns?
performed between 24 and 48 hour of life and before discharge in asymptomatic newborns
Examples of cardiac lesions causing left to right shunting//increased volume load
- ASD
- VSD
- AVSD
- PDA
The pathophysiologic common denominator in lesions resulting in increased volume load
communication between systemic and pulmonary sides of the circulation
the pathophysiologic common denominator of lesions resulting in increased pressure load
obstruction to normal blood flow
most common form of ASD
ostium secundum defect
characteristic finding in most patients with an ASD
second heart sound (S2) is widely split and fixed during all phases of respiration
most common cardiac malformation, accounts for 25% of CHD
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Most common type of VSD
Membranous
characteristic murmur of VSD
Loud, harsh or blowing holosystolic murmur
Type of VSD that is more likely to close up to 80% of cases
muscular VSDs
long term risk in children with small restrictive VSDs who are asymptomatic
Infective endocarditis
2 goals of managing large VSD
- Control the heart failure symptoms
- prevent development of PVD
PDA is associated with this infection during pregnancy
maternal rubella infection
why is PDA common in premature infants?
because the smooth muscle in the wall of preterm ductus is less responsive to high PO2, hence less likely to constrict after birth
classic murmur of PDA
continuous murmur, “machinery like”
if patient with a large PDA does not undergo ductul closure, what will be the usual complication or consequence?
Pulmonary hypertension -> Eisenmenger syndrome
rationale for closure in patients with a small PDA
prevention of bacterial endarteritis
most common right ventricular outflow obstruction cardiac lesion
isolated pulmonary stenosis
— accounts for 7-10% of all CHDs
most common cardiac abnormality in Noonan syndrome
Pulmonary stenosis
what is a critical pulmonic stenosis
Pulmonic stenosis + PFO
—> leads to cyanosis as a result of right to left shunting
what is critical aortic stenosis
severe aortic stenosis in early infancy
where is coarctation of aorta mostly occur?
98% of cases occur just below the origin of the left subclavian artery at the origin of the ductus arteriosus (juxtaductal coarctation)
what is Shone complex?
Coarctation of the Aorta + Supravalvular mitral ring/Parachute mitral valve + Subaortic stenosis