Nutrition Flashcards
greatest risk of undernutrition occurs in
first 1000 days of life
measure of linear growth
height-for-age
other term for low weight-for-height and what does it indicate
wasting, acute malnutrition
most commonly used index of nutritional status
weight-for-age
leading cause of preventable blindness in children
Vitamin A deficiency
main cause of preventable intellectual impairment
Iodine deficiency
most profound consequence of undernutrition
premature death
stunting reflects?
chronic malnutrition
what are the components of F75
Low lactose 75 kcal
0.9 g protein per 100 mL
with added K, Mg, and micronutrients
steps done in stabilization phase of SAM treatment
Prevent/treat hypoglycemia, hypothermia, dehydration, correction of electrolyte imbalance, treat infection, start cautious feeding and provide loving care and play
recommended antibiotics for malnourished children
If no complications: Amoxicillin for 5 days
If with complications: Gentamicin x 7 days + Ampicillin x 2 days + Amoxicillin x 5 days
severe wasting MUAC
<115 mm
this occurs in malnourished individuals as a result of untimely, overzealous oral, enteral or parenteral feeding
Refeeding syndrome
electrolyte imbalances seen in refeeding syndrome
hypokalemia
hypomagnesemia
hypophosphatemia
year of adiposity rebound (when body fat is lowest)
5.5 year
this vitamin deficiency manifests as dry, scaly, hyperkeratotic patches typically on the arms, legs, shoulders, and buttocks
Vitamin A deficiency
this vitamin deficiency causes beriberi
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
triad of mental status changes, ocular signs and ataxia
Wernicke encephalopathy
clinical features of this vitamin deficiency include cheilosis, glossitis, keratitis, conjunctivitis, photophobia, lacrimation, corneal vascularization and seborrheic dermatitis
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
this vitamin deficiency occurs chiefly in populations where corn is the major foodstuff
Pellagra/Vitamin B3 deficiency (Niacin)
classic triad of pellagra
Dermatitis
Diarrhea
Dementia
this vitamin deficiency presents as scaly periorificial dermatitis, conjunctivitis, thinning of hair and alopecia
Vitamin B7/Biotin deficiency
folic acid supplementation is effective and must be started at least ___ month before conception and continued through the first ___ months of pregnancy
1 month, 2-3 months
this deficiency occurs primarily in persons consuming strict vegetarian or vegan diets
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
this vitamin deficiency presents as hyperpigmentation of the knuckles and palms in children
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
this vitamin deficiency cause scurvy
vitamin C deficiency
this vitamin deficiency causes rickets
Vitamin D deficiency
this vitamin deficiency can present with widening of the costochondral junctions which results in a rachitic “rosary”
Vitamin D deficiency
occurs when one leg is in extreme valgus and the other is in extreme varus
windswept deformity
these medications can cause vitamin D deficiency
Anticonvulsants such as phenobarbital and phenytoin
Anti TB medications such as isoniazid and rifampin
Vitamin K is necessary for the synthesis of these clotting factors
IX, X, VII, II
These medications cause the 3rd form of VKDB secondary to maternal intake that cross the placenta and interfere with vitamin K function
Phenobarbital
Warfarin
Phenytoin
micronutrient deficiency that cause Menkes disease
Copper
micronutrient deficiency that cause acrodermatitis enteropathica
Zinc
components of Metabolic syndrome
Central obesity
Hypertension
Glucose intolerance
Hyperlipidemia
GI hormones that promote obesity
Ghrelin
GI hormones/neuropeptide that promote satiety
Leptin
Adiponectin — increased level during fasting
Peptide YY (PYY)
