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Anatomy And Physiology > Urine And Renal Function > Flashcards

Urine And Renal Function Flashcards

1
Q

What does a short loop nephron do?

A

Makes dilute urine with no ADH

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2
Q

When is dilute urine made?

A

If there is too much water or too few ions, dilute urine must be made to concentrate the blood z

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3
Q

How do you concentrate the blood?

A

Urine made has to be more dilute in ions than the blood

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4
Q

What is blood osmolarity?

A

300 mosm/l

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5
Q

What does ADH do?

A

Puts water pores into the collecting duct to let water get across

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6
Q

What does a long loop nephron do?

A

Makes concentrated urine with ADH

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7
Q

When is concentrated urine made?

A

If there is too many ions or too little water

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8
Q

What is the concentration capacity of urine?

A

1200 mosm/L

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9
Q

What are diuretics?

A

Work by inhibiting the Na+ K+ Cl- pumps in the ascending loop of henle so there is decreased water reuptake and more urine

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10
Q

How does ADH work?

A

Leads to the fusion of aquaporin 2 to the basolateral membrane of the collecting ducts

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11
Q

When is ADH released?

A

When high osmolarity is detected by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus (if it’s too salty)

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12
Q

How is ADH released?

A

High osmolarity stimulates the neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus to release ADH

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13
Q

What is urinalysis?

A

Analyzes the volume, physical, chemical and microscopic properties of urine

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14
Q

What is blood analysis?

A

Looking at levels of waste product.

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15
Q

What does waste in the blood mean?

A

Kidney’s aren’t working

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16
Q

What is normal urine volume?

A

1-2L

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17
Q

What is normal urine colour?

A

Apple juice

18
Q

What is normal urine turbidity?

A

Transparent

19
Q

What is normal urine pH?

A

6.0

20
Q

What is blood urea nitrogen?

A

Measure of the urea nitrogen from protein breakdown

21
Q

What does high BUN indicate?

A

Kidney’s aren’t making filtrate

22
Q

When does BUN increase?

A

When GFR decreases sharply and with dehydration

23
Q

What is plasma creatine?

A

Waste from the breakdown of creatine phosphate in the muscle

24
Q

What do creatine levels mean?

A

Levels above 110 umol/L indicate poor kidney function

25
Q

What are the renal function tests?

A

Renal clearance, and GFR

26
Q

What is renal clearance?

A

The rate at which the kidneys will wich a substance out of the blood

27
Q

High vs. Low renal clearance

A

High is efficient, low is inefficient

28
Q

Why is renal clearance important?

A

Drugs are often cleared by the kidneys, so you need to know how much is going out to know how much to put in

29
Q

What does clearance depend on?

A

GFR, reabsorption and secretion

30
Q

What is the formula for renal clearance

A

S=uv/p

31
Q

What does it mean when S=GFR?

A

Not secreted or absorbed

32
Q

What does it mean when S< 120-140?

A

Urea filtered, partly reabsorbed

33
Q

What does it mean when S> 120-140?

A

Penicillin, filtered and secreted

34
Q

What does the U mean in renal clearance?

A

Urea concentration

35
Q

What does the V mean in renal clearance?

A

Rate of urine output

36
Q

What does the P mean in renal clearance?

A

Urea concentration in plasma

37
Q

How can GFR be measured?

A

By injecting inulin and measuring the rate of urine output and concentration of inulin in the blood and urine. Need a substance that is not reabsorbed nor secreted by tubules

38
Q

What does high urine levels with low plasma levels indicate?

A

A substance is being cleared from a lot of plasma in a short period of time

39
Q

What does high urine production indicate?

A

Substance will be cleared at a particularly high rate

40
Q

What does U stand for in renal clearance?

A

Urine concentration

41
Q

What does V mean in renal clearance?

A

Urine flow

42
Q

What does P mean in renal clearance?

A

Plasma concentration

Anatomy And Physiology (13 decks)

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