Urine And Renal Function

Question 1

What does a short loop nephron do?

Answer 1

Makes dilute urine with no ADH

Question 2

When is dilute urine made?

Answer 2

If there is too much water or too few ions, dilute urine must be made to concentrate the blood z

Question 3

How do you concentrate the blood?

Answer 3

Urine made has to be more dilute in ions than the blood

Question 4

What is blood osmolarity?

Answer 4

300 mosm/l

Question 5

What does ADH do?

Answer 5

Puts water pores into the collecting duct to let water get across

Question 6

What does a long loop nephron do?

Answer 6

Makes concentrated urine with ADH

Question 7

When is concentrated urine made?

Answer 7

If there is too many ions or too little water

Question 8

What is the concentration capacity of urine?

Answer 8

1200 mosm/L

Question 9

What are diuretics?

Answer 9

Work by inhibiting the Na+ K+ Cl- pumps in the ascending loop of henle so there is decreased water reuptake and more urine

Question 10

How does ADH work?

Answer 10

Leads to the fusion of aquaporin 2 to the basolateral membrane of the collecting ducts

Question 11

When is ADH released?

Answer 11

When high osmolarity is detected by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus (if it’s too salty)

Question 12

How is ADH released?

Answer 12

High osmolarity stimulates the neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus to release ADH

Question 13

What is urinalysis?

Answer 13

Analyzes the volume, physical, chemical and microscopic properties of urine

Question 14

What is blood analysis?

Answer 14

Looking at levels of waste product.

Question 15

What does waste in the blood mean?

Answer 15

Kidney’s aren’t working

Question 16

What is normal urine volume?

Answer 16

1-2L

Question 17

What is normal urine colour?

Answer 17

Apple juice

Question 18

What is normal urine turbidity?

Answer 18

Transparent

Question 19

What is normal urine pH?

Answer 19

6.0

Question 20

What is blood urea nitrogen?

Answer 20

Measure of the urea nitrogen from protein breakdown

Question 21

What does high BUN indicate?

Answer 21

Kidney’s aren’t making filtrate

Question 22

When does BUN increase?

Answer 22

When GFR decreases sharply and with dehydration

Question 23

What is plasma creatine?

Answer 23

Waste from the breakdown of creatine phosphate in the muscle

Question 24

What do creatine levels mean?

Answer 24

Levels above 110 umol/L indicate poor kidney function

Question 25

What are the renal function tests?

Answer 25

Renal clearance, and GFR

Question 26

What is renal clearance?

Answer 26

The rate at which the kidneys will wich a substance out of the blood

Question 27

High vs. Low renal clearance

Answer 27

High is efficient, low is inefficient

Question 28

Why is renal clearance important?

Answer 28

Drugs are often cleared by the kidneys, so you need to know how much is going out to know how much to put in

Question 29

What does clearance depend on?

Answer 29

GFR, reabsorption and secretion

Question 30

What is the formula for renal clearance

Answer 30

S=uv/p

Question 31

What does it mean when S=GFR?

Answer 31

Not secreted or absorbed

Question 32

What does it mean when S< 120-140?

Answer 32

Urea filtered, partly reabsorbed

Question 33

What does it mean when S> 120-140?

Answer 33

Penicillin, filtered and secreted

Question 34

What does the U mean in renal clearance?

Answer 34

Urea concentration

Question 35

What does the V mean in renal clearance?

Answer 35

Rate of urine output

Question 36

What does the P mean in renal clearance?

Answer 36

Urea concentration in plasma

Question 37

How can GFR be measured?

Answer 37

By injecting inulin and measuring the rate of urine output and concentration of inulin in the blood and urine. Need a substance that is not reabsorbed nor secreted by tubules

Question 38

What does high urine levels with low plasma levels indicate?

Answer 38

A substance is being cleared from a lot of plasma in a short period of time

Question 39

What does high urine production indicate?

Answer 39

Substance will be cleared at a particularly high rate

Question 40

What does U stand for in renal clearance?

Answer 40

Urine concentration

Question 41

What does V mean in renal clearance?

Answer 41

Urine flow

Question 42

What does P mean in renal clearance?

Answer 42

Plasma concentration