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Anatomy And Physiology > Basic Plan, Peritoneum And Stomach > Flashcards

Basic Plan, Peritoneum And Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 layers of the GI wall?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa/adventicia

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2
Q

What is the mucosa of the GI tract made of?

A

Epithelium, Lamina propria and muscularis mucosae

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3
Q

What does the mucosa layer do?

A

Absorption and secretion

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4
Q

What does the submucosa contain?

A

Blood vessels, lymphatic and nerves

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5
Q

What does the muscularis layer do?

A

Segmental contractions and peristaltic movement

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6
Q

What does the muscularis layer contain?

A

Inner circulatory and outer longitudinal muscles

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7
Q

What does the serosa layer contain?

A

Mesothelium and connective tissue (thin)

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8
Q

What does the serosa layer do?

A

Prevents friction

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9
Q

What does the enteric nervous system do?

A

Helps coordinate peristalsis

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10
Q

What are the components of the enteric nervous system?

A

My-enteric plexus and submucosal plexus

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11
Q

Where is the myenteric plexus?

A

Between circulatory and longitudinal layers

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12
Q

Where is the submucosal plexus found?

A

In the submucosa

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13
Q

What are the interstitial cells of cajal?

A

Pace makers of the gut, create peristaltic waves

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14
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do in GI?

A

Reduces activity by reducing blood flow, organs can’t work without blood flow

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15
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system innervate?

A

Celiac ganglion, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglion

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16
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system innervate?

A

CNX touches almost all GI organs, pelvic splanchnic nerves for defecation

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17
Q

What does the parietal peritoneum do?

A

Lines the inner surface of the abdominopelvic wall

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18
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum do?

A

Wrapped around the visceral organs

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19
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

Double layer/ fold of the peritoneum

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20
Q

What are the folds of the peritoneum?

A

Falciform ligament, greater omentum, lesser omentum, mesentery, and mesocolon

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21
Q

What does the falciform ligament do?

A

Separates right and left liver

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22
Q

What does the greater omentum do?

A

Extra energy storage

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23
Q

What are the retroperitoneal structures?

A

Pancreas, duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, kidneys

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24
Q

What are the alterations of the stomach?

A

Rugae and innermost oblique muscle

25
Q

What is rugae and what does it do?

A

Intense folding of the stomach, allows it to expand

26
Q

What are the regions of the stomach?

A

Fund-us, card, body, pyloric canal, pyloric antrum

27
Q

Where is the most intense folding in the stomach?

A

Body

28
Q

Where is the muscle most intense in the stomach?

A

Pyloric canal and pyloric antrum

29
Q

What are the structural features of the stomach?

A

Lesser and greater curvatures

30
Q

What are the functions of the stomach?

A

Digest proteins
Breaks down, mixes and puts chyme into duodenum
Produces intrinsic factors
Absorbs alcohol and Asa

31
Q

What is the blood supply to the greater curve?

A

Right and left gastro-omental

32
Q

What is the blood supply to the lesser curve?

A

Right and left gastric

33
Q

Where does the stomach vasculature drain?

A

All veins lead to the hepatic portal vein

34
Q

What is the role of gastric?

A 
Increase parietal cells
Increase chief cells
Increase LES
Increase gastric motility
Decrease pyloric sphincter
35
Q

What do gastric pits contain?

A

Surface mucous cells, mucous neck cells, parietal cells, Chief cells, G cells

36
Q

What do surface mucous and mucous neck cells do?

A

Secrete mucous

37
Q

What do parietal cells do?

A

Secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

38
Q

What do chief cells do?

A

Secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase

39
Q

What do G cells do?

A

Secrete gastric

40
Q

What are the phases of digestion?

A

Cephalic phase (before food is present), gastric phase (food in the stomach), intestinal phase

41
Q

What happens in the gastric phase of digestion?

A

Stretch receptors defect distension of the stomach, chemoreceptors defect increased ph of gastric juices

42
Q

What happens in the cephalic phase of digestion?

A

Receptors for sight, smell, and taste of food is activated by thoughts of food

43
Q

What happens in the intestinal phase of digestion?

A

Stretch receptors detect distension of duodenum

Chemoreceptors defect fatty acids and glucose in duodenum

44
Q

What do enteroendocrine cells secrete?

A

CCK and secretin

45
Q

What does CCK do?

A

Inhibits gastric juice and gastric peristalsis

46
Q

What does secretin do?

A

Inhibits gastric juice

47
Q

What is the endogastric reflex?

A

Long acting neural inhibition of gastric juice, reduces ability to chemically digest

48
Q

What is emesis?

A

Reverse peristalsis, vomiting

49
Q

What causes emesis?

A

Extreme stretch and irritants, excessive alcohol, certain foods

50
Q

What does emesis involve?

A

Afferent signals to the medulla

Efferent signals to diaphragm abdominal muscles, relax of esophageal sphincter, close nasopharynx

51
Q

What is mesothelium?

A

Membrane that covers and protects the inner organs

52
Q

What does the submucosal plexus do?

A

Integrates and coordinates GI motility, secretory and endocrine functions

53
Q

What does the innermost oblique muscle do?

A

Aids in digesting by grinding the food together with digestive juices

54
Q

What is intrinsic factor

A

A protein that aids in digestion

55
Q

What regulates HCL secretion?

A

Gaston from enteroendocrine cells
ACh from parasympathetic nerve fibres
Histamine from mast cells

56
Q

How is HCl made?

A
  • bicarb and chloride switch places
  • hydrogen and potassium switch places
  • chloride exits the parietal cell and joins with hydrogen
57
Q

What is the enterogastric reflex?

A

Stretching of the duodenum results in inhibition of gastric motility and reduced rate of emptying the stomach

58
Q

Now does the parasympathetic nervous system increase Gl activity?

A

Has both inhibitory and excitatory effects

It stimulates certain receptors which increase activity

Anatomy And Physiology (13 decks)

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