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Anatomy And Physiology > Intestines > Flashcards

Intestines Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of the small intestines?

A

Duodenum, jejunum and ileum

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2
Q

What are the regions of the large intestine?

A

Caecum, colon, rectum and anal canal

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3
Q

What is the blood supply for the intestines?

A

Superior mesenteric - small intestine and proximal 1/3 of large intestine
Interior mesenteric - distal 2/3 of large intestine

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4
Q

What is the venous drainage of the intestines?

A

Superior mesenteric vein drains small intestine and proximal 2/3 of large
Inferior mesenteric rein drains distal 1/3 of large intestine
Inferior leads to splenic vein
Superior and splenic lead to hepatic portal vein

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5
Q

What are the alterations of the small intestines?

A

Plicae circularis, villi and microvilli

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6
Q

What is plicae circularis?

A

Intense folding of mucosa, increases surface area

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7
Q

What travels to the small intestine by the mesentary?

A

Blood nesses, lymphatic and nerves

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8
Q

What cells are in the villi?

A

Absorptive, goblet, enteroendocrine and paneth

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9
Q

What is brunner’s gland?

A

Only in the duodenum, secretes bicarb-rich mucus

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10
Q

What are the features of the duodenum?

A

Most dense plicae circularis
Major site of calcium and iron absorption
Brunners gland

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11
Q

Where is calcium and iron absorbed?

A

Duodenum

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12
Q

What are the features of the jejunum?

A

Long vasa recta (blood vessels)
Place circularis
Absorbed glucose, amino acids and water

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13
Q

What are the features of the ilium?

A 
Most of the small intestine
Place circularis taper out
Contains abundant lymphoid nodules (payers patches)
Prominent lacteals
Absorbs vitamin B12
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14
Q

What is the gastroileal reflex?

A

Removes residual matter from intestine

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15
Q

What does secretin do?

A

Release bicarb-rich mucus from pancreas

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16
Q

What does CCK do?

A

Release pancreatic enzymes

17
Q

What happens in the fed pattern?

A

During feeding irregular contraction mix contents with digestive juices

18
Q

What happens in the fasted state?

A

Migrating motor complex begins at duodenum and propels residual matter into the colon (prevents bacteria overgrowth)

19
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

A D E K

20
Q

What is responsible for fluid balance?

A

Intestines

21
Q

Where are electrolytes absorbed?

A

Intestines

22
Q

What are the alterations of the large intestine?

A

Smoother mucosa (absorptive and goblet cells)
Teniae coli
Thinner circular muscle
Haustra

23
Q

What are the parts of the colon?

A

Ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid

24
Q

Where is the defecation reflex initiated?

A

Rectum

25
Q

Where does the large intestine begin?

A

Ileocaecal value

26
Q

What is the first turn of the large intestine?

A

Right colic/hepatic flexure

27
Q

What is the second turn of the large intestine?

A

Left colic/hepatic flexure

28
Q

What are austral contractions?

A

Mixes and aids water reabsorption, occur every 30 minutes

29
Q

Which sphincter is voluntary?

A

External anal sphincter

30
Q

What sphincter is involuntary?

A

Internal anal sphincter

31
Q

What are anal columns?

A

Longitudinal folds i highly vascularized

32
Q

What are hemorrhoids?

A

Dilation of vascular sinusoids

33
Q

What is the defecation reflex process?

A

Mass movement of feces (gastrocolic reflex) stretches rectal wall (signal to spine)
Parasympathetic reflex initiated (contract rectal wall and relax internal sphincher)
If appropriate, defecate

34
Q

What does the duodenal gland do?

A

Brunner’s gland so it secretes alkaline fluid to neutralize ph of stomach acid going into the duodenum

35
Q

What is payers patch?

A

Patches of lymphoid follicles in the intestine

36
Q

What does teniae coli do?

A

Where circular muscles attach and can contract lengthwise to produce haustra

37
Q

What do goblet cells do?

A

Secrete mucous

38
Q

What do paneth cells do?

A

Regulate normal Flora

Anatomy And Physiology (13 decks)

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