Intestines

Question 1

What are the parts of the small intestines?

Answer 1

Duodenum, jejunum and ileum

Question 2

What are the regions of the large intestine?

Answer 2

Caecum, colon, rectum and anal canal

Question 3

What is the blood supply for the intestines?

Answer 3

Superior mesenteric - small intestine and proximal 1/3 of large intestine
Interior mesenteric - distal 2/3 of large intestine

Question 4

What is the venous drainage of the intestines?

Answer 4

Superior mesenteric vein drains small intestine and proximal 2/3 of large
Inferior mesenteric rein drains distal 1/3 of large intestine
Inferior leads to splenic vein
Superior and splenic lead to hepatic portal vein

Question 5

What are the alterations of the small intestines?

Answer 5

Plicae circularis, villi and microvilli

Question 6

What is plicae circularis?

Answer 6

Intense folding of mucosa, increases surface area

Question 7

What travels to the small intestine by the mesentary?

Answer 7

Blood nesses, lymphatic and nerves

Question 8

What cells are in the villi?

Answer 8

Absorptive, goblet, enteroendocrine and paneth

Question 9

What is brunner’s gland?

Answer 9

Only in the duodenum, secretes bicarb-rich mucus

Question 10

What are the features of the duodenum?

Answer 10

Most dense plicae circularis
Major site of calcium and iron absorption
Brunners gland

Question 11

Where is calcium and iron absorbed?

Answer 11

Duodenum

Question 12

What are the features of the jejunum?

Answer 12

Long vasa recta (blood vessels)
Place circularis
Absorbed glucose, amino acids and water

Question 13

What are the features of the ilium?

Answer 13

Most of the small intestine
Place circularis taper out
Contains abundant lymphoid nodules (payers patches)
Prominent lacteals
Absorbs vitamin B12

Question 14

What is the gastroileal reflex?

Answer 14

Removes residual matter from intestine

Question 15

What does secretin do?

Answer 15

Release bicarb-rich mucus from pancreas

Question 16

What does CCK do?

Answer 16

Release pancreatic enzymes

Question 17

What happens in the fed pattern?

Answer 17

During feeding irregular contraction mix contents with digestive juices

Question 18

What happens in the fasted state?

Answer 18

Migrating motor complex begins at duodenum and propels residual matter into the colon (prevents bacteria overgrowth)

Question 19

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 19

A D E K

Question 20

What is responsible for fluid balance?

Answer 20

Intestines

Question 21

Where are electrolytes absorbed?

Answer 21

Intestines

Question 22

What are the alterations of the large intestine?

Answer 22

Smoother mucosa (absorptive and goblet cells)
Teniae coli
Thinner circular muscle
Haustra

Question 23

What are the parts of the colon?

Answer 23

Ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid

Question 24

Where is the defecation reflex initiated?

Answer 24

Rectum

Question 25

Where does the large intestine begin?

Answer 25

Ileocaecal value

Question 26

What is the first turn of the large intestine?

Answer 26

Right colic/hepatic flexure

Question 27

What is the second turn of the large intestine?

Answer 27

Left colic/hepatic flexure

Question 28

What are austral contractions?

Answer 28

Mixes and aids water reabsorption, occur every 30 minutes

Question 29

Which sphincter is voluntary?

Answer 29

External anal sphincter

Question 30

What sphincter is involuntary?

Answer 30

Internal anal sphincter

Question 31

What are anal columns?

Answer 31

Longitudinal folds i highly vascularized

Question 32

What are hemorrhoids?

Answer 32

Dilation of vascular sinusoids

Question 33

What is the defecation reflex process?

Answer 33

Mass movement of feces (gastrocolic reflex) stretches rectal wall (signal to spine) Parasympathetic reflex initiated (contract rectal wall and relax internal sphincher) If appropriate, defecate

Question 34

What does the duodenal gland do?

Answer 34

Brunner's gland so it secretes alkaline fluid to neutralize ph of stomach acid going into the duodenum

Question 35

What is payers patch?

Answer 35

Patches of lymphoid follicles in the intestine

Question 36

What does teniae coli do?

Answer 36

Where circular muscles attach and can contract lengthwise to produce haustra

Question 37

What do goblet cells do?

Answer 37

Secrete mucous

Question 38

What do paneth cells do?

Answer 38

Regulate normal Flora