Glomerular Function

Question 1

What is the renal capsule?

Answer 1

Thin membranous sheath that covers the outer surface of each kidney

Question 2

What is the renal cortex?

Answer 2

Outer portion of the kidney between the renal capsule and the renal medulla

Question 3

What is the renal medulla?

Answer 3

Innermost part of the kidney split up into pyramids

Question 4

What are the renal pyramids?

Answer 4

Consist of tubules that transport urine from the outer part of the kidney to the calyces where urine collects

Question 5

What are renal papillae?

Answer 5

Areas where the openings of the collecting ducts enter the kidney and where urine flows the into ureters

Question 6

What are the minor calyx?

Answer 6

Surround renal papillae of each pyramid and collects urine from that pyramid

Question 7

What is a major calyx?

Answer 7

Several minor calyces converge to form a major calyx, the urine then goes to the renal pelvis and to the ureter

Question 8

What is the renal pelvis?

Answer 8

Central region of the kidney, it collects urine as it’s produced

Question 9

What does a nephron do?

Answer 9

Filter, reabsorb and secrete

The glomerulus filters your blood and the tubule returns needed substances to your blood and removes waste

Question 10

What is the afferent arteriole?

Answer 10

Where blood goes in

Question 11

What is the efferent arteriole?

Answer 11

Where blood goes out

Question 12

What is the renal corpuscle?

Answer 12

Filtrate making machine

Question 13

What do renal tubules do?

Answer 13

Make filtrate into urine, reabsorption and secretions

Question 14

What does the collecting duct do?

Answer 14

Collects and concentrates the filtrate

Question 15

What are peritubular capillaries?

Answer 15

Deliver waste to be secreted into urine

Question 16

What does the proximal convoluted tubule do?

Answer 16

Reabsorbs most of the filtered sodium in order to deliver only small amounts to downstream sites

Question 17

What does the loop of henle do?

Answer 17

Recovery of water and sodium chloride from urine

Question 18

What does the distal convoluted tubule do?

Answer 18

Absorption of many ions and water reabsorption

Question 19

What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus do?

Answer 19

Alters blood flow through afferent arterioles

renin and erithropoietin

Question 20

What is fitrate?

Answer 20

No large proteins or formed elements

Question 21

What is capsular space?

Answer 21

Space between visceral and parietal layer, where fitrate is formed

Question 22

What do podocytes do?

Answer 22

Form a filtration barrier

Question 23

What is positive filtration pressure?

Answer 23

Pressure pushing fluid out of the glomerular capillaries

Question 24

What is negative fitration pressure?

Answer 24

Pressure holding fluid in the glomerular capillaries

Question 25

What contributes to positive filtration pressure?

Answer 25

Pressure of blood on glomerular capillaries

Question 26

What contributes to negative filtration pressure?

Answer 26

Pressure of fluid in the capsule

Question 27

What is the myogenic mechanism?

Answer 27

Smooth muscle of afferent arteriole is streten due to increased blood pressure so the afferent arteriole responds by constricting which decreases GFR

Question 28

What is tubuloglomerular feedback?

Answer 28

The macula densa of the juxtaglomerular apparatus defects high amount of filtrate flow which inhibits nitric oxide release which inhibits afferent arteriole dilation which decreases GFR

Question 29

What hormones regulate GFR?

Answer 29

ANP and angiotensin 2

Question 30

What does angiotensin 2 do?

Answer 30

Decreases GFR because it constricts afferent arterioles but increases blood pressure because it constricts systemic arterioles

Question 31

What causes the release of ANP?

Answer 31

Distension of the atrium

Question 32

What does ANP do?

Answer 32

Causes relaxation of the mesangial cells between the glomerular capillaries
Relates afferent arterioles of the glomerulus and increases sodium loss

Question 33

What happens when mesangial cells relax?

Answer 33

Glomerular capillaries are more spread out so more filtration can occur

Question 34

How does the renal corpuscle make filtrate?

Answer 34

It filters the blood, fluid from the blood in the glomerulus is collected in the Bowmans capsule to create filtrate

Question 35

What do macula densa cells do?

Answer 35

Defect high amounts of filtrate flow

Question 36

What do mesangial cells do?

Answer 36

Can relay to let the glomerular capillaries spread out to allow more filtration

Question 37

Why does the presence of albumin tell us the kidneys aren’t working?

Answer 37

A healthy kidney doesn’t let albumin into the urine

Question 38

What is positive filtration pressure?

Answer 38

When the fluid to be filtered Is forced through a filtering medium by an external pressure

Question 39

What is negative filtration pressure?

Answer 39

When a condition favours the movement of fluid out of the capillaries into the surrounding interstitial fluid

Question 40

What el so does Anp do?

Answer 40

Lovers blood pressure and regulates electrolytes, stimulates afferent ardent of the glomerulus, decreases water reabsorption, inhibits release of renin

Question 41

How does the sympathetic branch control GFR?

Answer 41

Reduction of renal blood flow