Liver, Gallbladder, And Pancreas

Question 1

What are the lobes of the liver?

Answer 1

Left lobe, right lobe, caudate lobe. And caudate lobe

Question 2

What does the falciform ligament do?

Answer 2

Separates the left and right lobes

Question 3

What does the round ligament do?

Answer 3

Connects liver to umbilicus

Question 4

What is the porta hepatis?

Answer 4

Where all the neviorascular structures (except hepatic veins) and hepatic ducts enter or leave

Question 5

What are the arteries and veins of the liver?

Answer 5

Hepatic artery from celiac trunk, hepatic vein and hepatic portal vein

Question 6

What type of blood is in the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 6

Nutrient rich, oxygen poor

Question 7

What cells are found in the liver?

Answer 7

Hepatocyte and kupffer cells

Question 8

What do hepatocytes do?

Answer 8

Synthesis, storage, detoxification and metabolism

Question 9

What do kupffer cells do?

Answer 9

Phagocytosis of microbes, toxins, damaged red blood cells and white blood cells, cytokine production

Question 10

Where are kupffer cells in the liver?

Answer 10

Hepatic sinusoids

Question 11

What is a portal triad?

Answer 11

Bile duct, portal venue, portal arteriole

Question 12

What is a hepatic lobule?

Answer 12

Central vein and bile canaliculi

Question 13

What is gluoneogenesis?

Answer 13

Convert lactic acid and amino acids to glucose

Question 14

What is glycogenolysis?

Answer 14

Glycogen breakdown into glucose

Question 15

How does the liver process vitamin A?

Answer 15

Converted to retinal esters s useful for rods for night vision

Question 16

How does the liver process vitamin D?

Answer 16

Utilized in bone metabolism (calcium absorption), can be synthesized

Question 17

How does the liver process vitamin E?

Answer 17

Antioxidant (free radical scavenger)

Question 18

How does the liver process vitamin k?

Answer 18

Utilized by hepatocytes to form functional coagulation factors

Question 19

What serum proteins does the liver synthesize?

Answer 19

Albumin, coagulation factors, compliment factors and A and B globulins

Question 20

How does the liver process drugs and hormones?

Answer 20

Drugs are excreted in bile, inactivated or converted into a form the kidneys can excrete
Can alter/excrete thyroid and steroid hormones

Question 21

How does the liver store iron?

Answer 21

Ferritin

Question 22

How is iron transported?

Answer 22

Bound to transferrin

Question 23

What happens to damages red blood cells?

Answer 23

Return to the liver where iron is scavenged and heme is discarded as bilirubin

Question 24

What happens when bilirubin accumulates?

Answer 24

Jaundice

Question 25

What causes gall stones?

Answer 25

When cholesterol in the bile precipitates

Question 26

What happens when the gall bladder is removed?

Answer 26

Expansion of the extra-hepatic bile ducts

Question 27

What does CCK do to the gall bladder?

Answer 27

Causes intense contractions to release bile

Question 28

What does secretin do?

Answer 28

Increase production of bicarb-rich bile by the liver hepatocytes

Question 29

What stimulates bile production?

Answer 29

Parasympathetic impulses along the vagus nerve

Question 30

What stimulates the secretion of CCK?

Answer 30

Fatty acid and amino acid in the chyme

Question 31

What stimulates the release of secretin?

Answer 31

Acidic chyme

Question 32

What are exocrine products and where do they go?

Answer 32

Pancreatic enzymes and juices enter duodenum via hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 33

What can gallstones lead to?

Answer 33

Pancreatitis

Question 34

Where do pancreatic endocrine hormones go?

Answer 34

Blood stream

Question 35

What happens during the cephalic and gastric phases?

Answer 35

Vagus nerve stimulation causes release of pancreatic juice

Question 36

What happens when chyme enters the duodenum?

Answer 36

Causes enteroendocrine cells to release secretin and CCK

Question 37

Where do secretin and CCK go once they're released?

Answer 37

To the pancreas

Question 38

Where does insulin come from?

Answer 38

Beta cells of pancreatic islets

Question 39

Where does glucagon come from?

Answer 39

Alpha cells of pancreatic islets

Question 40

What is the hepatopancreatic ampulla?

Answer 40

Collects secretions from the gallbladder and pancreas and delivers it to the intestines

Question 41

What is the sphincter of oddi?

Answer 41

Hepatopancreatic ampulla sphincter

Question 42

What is the difference between the hepatic vein and hepatic portal vein?

Answer 42

Hepatic portal vein carries nutrient rich blood from the intestine, gallbladder and pancreas to the liver Hepatic vein drains the liver

Question 43

What is bile canaliculi?

Answer 43

Thin tubules that receive bile secreted from the hepatocytes

Question 44

What does the hepatic lobule do?

Answer 44

Diffuse oxygen and nutrients through their capillary walls -into the liver cells

Question 45

How does the liver alter and excrete thyroid and steroid hormones?

Answer 45

The lives transforms and removes any excess hormone from the body