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anatomy and physiology > Reproductive Physiology 1 > Flashcards

Reproductive Physiology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does oogenesis begin?

A

In the fetal ovaries where stem cells produce primary oocytes which are in prophase of meiosis 1

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2
Q

How many eggs does a female start with?

A

Start with 2 million, puberty brings it down to 300 000

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3
Q

How many eggs are released per ovarian cycle?

A

Only one

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4
Q

How many secondary oocytes are released?

A

A cohort of eggs develop at the same time however only a single secondary oocyte is released

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5
Q

When is meiosis 2 completed?

A

When sperm hits egg

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6
Q

What happens in the follicular phase?

A

Where the egg and granulosa cells develop up to the paint of ovulation (varies in length)
Follicular development with FSH, ovulation with LH, lots of estrogen from granulosa cells

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7
Q

What happens in the luteal phase?

A

Where leftover bits of follicle hang around and secrete hormones (progesterone) to prepare the lining of the uterus for a fertilized egg
Corpus luteum produces a lot of progesterone in addition to estrogen

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8
Q

What is the corona radiata?

A

Granulosa cells around the oocyte

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9
Q

What is the zone pellucida?

A

Hard shell, need enzymes to break down

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10
Q

What is a polar body?

A

Extra DNA that isn’t used ( might need better detail)

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11
Q

What are the 2 gonadotropins?

A

LH and FSH

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12
Q

What does LH do?

A

Tells granulosum cells to make hormones

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13
Q

What happens in menstral phase 1?

A

Day 1-4, primary follicles

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14
Q

What happens in the proliferative phase?

A

Day 4-14, secondary follicle, mature follicle, estrogen

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15
Q

What is the secretory phase?

A

Day 14-28, corpus hemorrhagicum, corpus luteums, estrogen and protesterone

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16
Q

What happens in menstral phase 2?

A

Corpus albicans, estrogen and progesterone withdrawal

17
Q

What are the parts of the endometrium?

A

Stratum basalis and functionalis and myometrium

18
Q

What does the stratum functionalis do?

A

Grows during menstral cycle from day 4.28 and then is lost

19
Q

What does hCG do?

A

Keeps corpus luteum alive through maintaining progesterone

20
Q

What does the developing placenta do?

A

Takes over steroid production

21
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Inhibits uterine contraction and loss of functionalis, endometrial gland secretion

22
Q

What is the acrosome?

A

Sperm head, contains vesicles of digestive enzymes for penetrating the zona pellucida

23
Q

What does the sperm head contain?

A

Acrosome and nucleus

24
Q

What does the midpeice do?

A

Supplies energy for the flagellum

25
Q

What does the tail do?

A

Motive power to swim

26
Q

What do Sertoli cells do?

A

Nurture sperm

27
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

Stem cells constantly divide and then undergo meiosis to give mature sperm

28
Q

When does spermato genesis begin?

A

At age 14 and continues through life

29
Q

How much sperm is made per day?

A

400 million, need 20 million to be fertile

30
Q

What do leydig cells do?

A

Steroid production (testosterone)

31
Q

What does FSH do?

A

Stimulates the growth of the gametes (oocytes and sperm)

32
Q

What do seminal vesicles do?

A

Produce most semen and secrete fructose and clotting proteins (alkaline)

33
Q

What does alkaline fluid do?

A

Neutralizes vaginal ph

34
Q

What are prostaglandins?

A

stimulates sperm to swim and the uterus to contract

35
Q

What does the prostate gland do?

A

Secretes a thin acidic or neutral fluid which provides a medium for sperm to swim, citric acid (nutment for sperm) and protein digestive enzymes

36
Q

What do bulborethral glands do?

A

Release alkaline fluid into urethra to neutralize acidic urine and some mucus to decrease sperm damage during ejaculation

37
Q

What is the path of sperm (male)?

A

Sperm has to get past the cervix, up the uterus and into the fallopian tube

38
Q

What is the path of sperm (female)?

A

Egg has to be in the Fallopian tube, cervical mucus cant be too thick, endometrium has to be almost ready (secretory phase) for blastocyte to implant

anatomy and physiology (13 decks)

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