Reproductive Physiology 1

Question 1

Where does oogenesis begin?

Answer 1

In the fetal ovaries where stem cells produce primary oocytes which are in prophase of meiosis 1

Question 2

How many eggs does a female start with?

Answer 2

Start with 2 million, puberty brings it down to 300 000

Question 3

How many eggs are released per ovarian cycle?

Answer 3

Only one

Question 4

How many secondary oocytes are released?

Answer 4

A cohort of eggs develop at the same time however only a single secondary oocyte is released

Question 5

When is meiosis 2 completed?

Answer 5

When sperm hits egg

Question 6

What happens in the follicular phase?

Answer 6

Where the egg and granulosa cells develop up to the paint of ovulation (varies in length)
Follicular development with FSH, ovulation with LH, lots of estrogen from granulosa cells

Question 7

What happens in the luteal phase?

Answer 7

Where leftover bits of follicle hang around and secrete hormones (progesterone) to prepare the lining of the uterus for a fertilized egg
Corpus luteum produces a lot of progesterone in addition to estrogen

Question 8

What is the corona radiata?

Answer 8

Granulosa cells around the oocyte

Question 9

What is the zone pellucida?

Answer 9

Hard shell, need enzymes to break down

Question 10

What is a polar body?

Answer 10

Extra DNA that isn’t used ( might need better detail)

Question 11

What are the 2 gonadotropins?

Answer 11

LH and FSH

Question 12

What does LH do?

Answer 12

Tells granulosum cells to make hormones

Question 13

What happens in menstral phase 1?

Answer 13

Day 1-4, primary follicles

Question 14

What happens in the proliferative phase?

Answer 14

Day 4-14, secondary follicle, mature follicle, estrogen

Question 15

What is the secretory phase?

Answer 15

Day 14-28, corpus hemorrhagicum, corpus luteums, estrogen and protesterone

Question 16

What happens in menstral phase 2?

Answer 16

Corpus albicans, estrogen and progesterone withdrawal

Question 17

What are the parts of the endometrium?

Answer 17

Stratum basalis and functionalis and myometrium

Question 18

What does the stratum functionalis do?

Answer 18

Grows during menstral cycle from day 4.28 and then is lost

Question 19

What does hCG do?

Answer 19

Keeps corpus luteum alive through maintaining progesterone

Question 20

What does the developing placenta do?

Answer 20

Takes over steroid production

Question 21

What does progesterone do?

Answer 21

Inhibits uterine contraction and loss of functionalis, endometrial gland secretion

Question 22

What is the acrosome?

Answer 22

Sperm head, contains vesicles of digestive enzymes for penetrating the zona pellucida

Question 23

What does the sperm head contain?

Answer 23

Acrosome and nucleus

Question 24

What does the midpeice do?

Answer 24

Supplies energy for the flagellum

Question 25

What does the tail do?

Answer 25

Motive power to swim

Question 26

What do Sertoli cells do?

Answer 26

Nurture sperm

Question 27

What is spermatogenesis?

Answer 27

Stem cells constantly divide and then undergo meiosis to give mature sperm

Question 28

When does spermato genesis begin?

Answer 28

At age 14 and continues through life

Question 29

How much sperm is made per day?

Answer 29

400 million, need 20 million to be fertile

Question 30

What do leydig cells do?

Answer 30

Steroid production (testosterone)

Question 31

What does FSH do?

Answer 31

Stimulates the growth of the gametes (oocytes and sperm)

Question 32

What do seminal vesicles do?

Answer 32

Produce most semen and secrete fructose and clotting proteins (alkaline)

Question 33

What does alkaline fluid do?

Answer 33

Neutralizes vaginal ph

Question 34

What are prostaglandins?

Answer 34

stimulates sperm to swim and the uterus to contract

Question 35

What does the prostate gland do?

Answer 35

Secretes a thin acidic or neutral fluid which provides a medium for sperm to swim, citric acid (nutment for sperm) and protein digestive enzymes

Question 36

What do bulborethral glands do?

Answer 36

Release alkaline fluid into urethra to neutralize acidic urine and some mucus to decrease sperm damage during ejaculation

Question 37

What is the path of sperm (male)?

Answer 37

Sperm has to get past the cervix, up the uterus and into the fallopian tube

Question 38

What is the path of sperm (female)?

Answer 38

Egg has to be in the Fallopian tube, cervical mucus cant be too thick, endometrium has to be almost ready (secretory phase) for blastocyte to implant