Urinary Tract Infections(UTI) Flashcards
what is a UTI defined as
presence of micro-organisms in the urinary tract that are causing clinical infection
what are an upper and lower UTI defined as
upper UTI = infection involving the ureters +/- kidneys(pyelonephritis)
lower UTI = infection confined to the bladder(cystitis)
describe what a complicated UTI is
a UTI complicated by systemic symptoms or urinary abnormality/stones
what part of the urinary tract is colonised by bacteria
the lower end of the urethra, with coliforms and enterococci from the large bowel
what are the risk factors for developing a UTI
W > M, catheterised patients, abnormalities of the urinary tract
describe the ascending route of the pathogenesis of a UTI
bacteria from; bowel, perineal skin, lower end of urethra
bladder => ureter => kidneys
describe the haematogenous route of the pathogenesis of a UTI
bacteraemia/septicaemia, seeded into kidneys, multiple small abscesses, bacteria in urine
what is the more common route in the pathogenesis of a UTI
the ascending route
what coliforms are commonly the cause of UTI
E. coli or Proteus sp.
what gram negative bacilli is associated with UTI in those with catheters/instrumentation and those who are immunosuppressed
pseudomonas aeruginosa
what are the gram +ve causative organisms of UTI
enterococcus sp., staph. saphrophyticus, staph. aureus
