Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms(LUTS)

Question 1

what are the 2 main groups of LUTS

Answer 1

storage(when bladder is filling) and voiding(when trying to pass urine)

Question 2

what are the LUTS associated with storage

Answer 2

frequency, urgency and nocturia

Question 3

what are the LUTS associated with voiding

Answer 3

hesitancy, poor flow, intermittent flow, sensation of incomplete emptying, post-urinating dribbling

Question 4

what red flag symptoms should be asked about in association with LUTS, and what should be suspected if they are present

Answer 4

haematuria, suprapubic pain, recurrent UTIs

suspect bladder cancer

Question 5

what lifestyle factors could affect LUTS

Answer 5

fluid intake

Question 6

what medical history could affect LUTS

Answer 6

drugs, urethral injury, pelvic surgery, neurological conditions

Question 7

what investigations can be used for LUTS

Answer 7

frequency/volume charts, urinalysis, serum creatinine, PSA

Question 8

when would a renal USS be considered for LUTS

Answer 8

if impaired renal function, haematuria, loin pain, renal mass on exam

Question 9

when would cystoscopy be considered for LUTS

Answer 9

previous urological surgery, haematuria, profound symptoms, pain, recurrent UTIs

Question 10

when would a transrectal USS be considered for LUTS

Answer 10

if PSA test elevated and PR exam abnormal