Chronic Kidney Disease(CKD) Flashcards
describe what the definition of chronic kidney disease is
reduction in kidney function OR structural damage OR both and has to be present for more than 3 months with associated health implications
what are the risk factors associated with CKD
kidney transplant, histological abnormalities of kidney, electrolyte abnormalities, sediment abnormalities in urine, structural abnormalities, ACR > 3
what is the ACR
albumin:creatinine ratio
what is persistent reduction in renal function defined as in terms of CKD
persistent eGFR <60ml/min
what is ‘accelerated progression’ of CKD defined as
decrease GFR 25% in 12 months + change in CKD category
OR decrease of GFR of 15ml/min in 12 months
what are some of the causes of CKD
diabetes, hypertension, polycystic kidney disease, glomerular disease, AKI, drugs, obstructive uropathy, systemic disease(eg SLE)
what are some examples of nephrotoxic drugs
ACEi/ARB, Bisphosphonates, aminoglycosides, diuretics, NSAIDs
what are the common complications of CKD
AKI, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, renal anaemia, increased CVD risk
what are some of the other complications that can be caused by CKD
peripheral neuropathy/myopathy, malignancy, malnutrition, end-stage renal disease
what is the aim of treatment for CKD
to treat the underlying condition causing the CKD
what BP is aimed for in people with CKD
<140mmHg systolic and <90mmHg
what is the ACR and BP aimed for in people with diabetes and CKFD
<130mmHg systolic and <80mmHg, with ACR of 70
following introduction of ACEi or ARB, when should the doses not be altered in CKD
if eGFR decrease from pre-treatment baseline is <25%
OR serum creatinine increase from baseline <30%
what lipid lowering therapy should be offered in CKD to reduce CVD risk
Atorvastatin
what dietary advice is give for CKD
phosphate restriction, salt reduction, fluid restriction(if fluid overload)
