Acute Kidney Injury(AKI) and Pre renal AKI

Question 1

describe the onset if acute kidney injury, by definition

Answer 1

abrupt, <48hrs

Question 2

describe the creatinine measurements that defines AKI

Answer 2

an absolute increase in serum creatinine by >26.4umol/l

OR increase in creatinine >50%

Question 3

describe the urine output change that defines AKI

Answer 3

a reduction in urine output

Question 4

what are some of the risk factors for AKI

Answer 4

old age, CKD, diabetes, CVD, liver disease, previous AKI

Question 5

what are the 3 different types of causes of AKI

Answer 5

pre renal, renal and post renal

Question 6

what are some if the pre renal causes of AKI

Answer 6

Hypovolaemia(eg haemorrhage, volume depletion), Hypotension(eg cardiogenic shock, sepsis), renal hypoperfusion(by NSAIDs, ACEi, etc.)

Question 7

what are the signs of pre renal AKI

Answer 7

reversible volume depletion, leading to oliguria and increased creatinine

Question 8

what does untreated pre renal AKI lead to

Answer 8

acute tubular necrosis

Question 9

what is the commonest form of AKI and what are the most common causes of it

Answer 9

acute tubular necrosis

causes = sepsis and severe dehydration

Question 10

what is involved in the treatment for pre renal AKI

Answer 10

assess for hydration, fluid challenge for hypovolaemia

Question 11

describe the fluid challenge treatment for pre renal AKI

Answer 11

use Crystalloid or Colloid
do NOT use dextrose
if given 1L and no better seek help