Renal AKI and Post-Renal AKI Flashcards
describe the mechanism of the diseases that cause renal AKI
diseases that cause inflammation or damage to the cells of the kidney
what different structures of the kidney can be affected in renal AKI
blood vessels, glomerulus, interstitial injury, tubular injury
give an example of a vascular and a glomerular cause of renal AKI
vascular = vasculitis glomerular = glomerulonephritis
give an example of an interstitial nephritis and a tubular injury cause of renal AKI
interstitial = drugs, TB tubular = ischaemia, drugs
what are the non-specific symptoms associated with AKI
nausea, vomiting, itch, constitutional symptoms(ie anorexia, fatigue etc.)
what are the signs associated with AKI
fluid overload, uraemia(incl. itch, pericarditis), oliguria
what investigations are done for AKI
U+Es, FBC, urinalysis, USS, immunology, protein electrophoresis
describe the treatment used for AKI
establish good perfusion pressure, treat underlying cause, stop nephrotoxics, dialysis
when is dialysis needed in AKI
if patient remains anuric and uraemia
what are the life-threatening complications of AKI
hyperkalaemia, fluid overload, severe acidosis, uraemic pericardial effusion, severe uraemia
describe what post-renal AKI is
AKI due to obstruction of urine outflow leading to back pressure(hydronephrosis) and thus loss of concentrating ability
what are some of the causes of post-renal AKI
stones, cancers, strictures, extrinsic pressure
describe the treatment of post-renal AKI
relieve obstruction(catheter, nephrostomy), refer if ureteric stenting needed
what is a sign of hyperkalaemia in AKI patients
muscle weakness
describe the treatment for hyperkalaemia in AKI
cardiac monitor + V access, calcium gluconate(protect myocardium), insulin + dextrose solution(lower serum K+)
