Urinary Tract infection Flashcards
What are the three types of lower urinary tract infections
cystitis (bladder), urethritis, prostatitis
What is the main upper urinary tract infection
pyelonephritis
T/F: Most urinary tract infections are lower urinary tract and they are not systemic compared to upper urinary tract infections
True
What is the difference between complicated and uncomplicated urinary
Uncomplicated UTIs are defined as women who have a UTI at the childbearing age of 15-45 years old
What is asymmtomatic bacteriuria, symptomatic abacteriurua
No symptoms and no bacteria in the urine, symptoms are present but no bacteria in the urine
What varies prevelance of UTIs
Gender, age and co-morbidities
What organism usually causes uncomplicated UTIs, what other organisms cause uncomplicated UTIs
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas
What organism usually causes complicated UTIs, other organisms
E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, staphylococci
What are organisms that may be in the urine but usually do not cause UTIs, why are they in the urine
Staph epidermidis: contaminates the test, S. aureus: usually a systemic infection, Candida species: common in critically ill and chronically catheterized patients
T/F: A majority of UTIs are caused by many organisms
False: Majority of UTIs are caused by a single organism
What are the host defense against UTI
urine,bacteria in the bladder stimulates urination, antiadherance mechanism to prevent bacterial attachment to the bladder
What are predisposing factors for UTIs
Obstruction, nueurological malfucntions not allowing uriniation, urine is forced up the ureter to the kidney, catheters, pregnancy
What are signs and symptoms of lower tract UTIs
Dysuria, urgency and frequency, discomfort in genital area
What are signs and symptoms of upper tract UTIs
Abdominal pain, fever, rigors, nausea and vomiting, malise
What is a symptom of UTIs that is usually only seen in the elderly
Mental status changes
What are the diagnostic tests done to see if a UTI is present
Urinalysis and Urine Culture