HIV

Question 1

What are major risk factors for transmission, less common risk factors

Answer 1

MSM, intravenous drug use, heterosexual contact, occupation exposure/ vertical transmission, blood transfusions

Question 2

What body fluids infected with the virus

Answer 2

blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk

Question 3

T/F: HIV is NOT transmitted through kissing, tears, sharing eating utensils, toilet seats, insects

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What are the two parameters that should be monitored if a person has HIV

Answer 4

Viral load and CDC count

Question 5

T/F: HIV screening should be for all people aged 13-64 years old as part of routine health care

Answer 5

True

Question 6

T/F: Males usually get HIV from MSM contact while females usually get HIV from heterosexual sex

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What is used to diagnose HIV, how many viral replication happens in a day

Answer 7

Antibodies, 10^12

Question 8

What is the definition of HIV, what is the definition of AIDS

Answer 8

screening test and conformatory test are both positive, person testing HIV positive AND CD4 less than 200 or diagnosed with one or more AIDS defining illnesses

Question 9

What are the AIDS defining ilnesses

Answer 9

Pneumocystis carinii penumonia (PCP/PJP), Systemic Candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis

Question 10

What is the primary reason for HIV treatment failure

Answer 10

Low adherence

Question 11

What are the predictors or poor adhearnace

Answer 11

Lack of education, active alchol and drug use, health insurance, pill burden, drug side effects, unstable living situation, lack of belief

Question 12

What is the primary goal of HIV treatment, secondary goal

Answer 12

improve and preserve immune function and reduce HIV-associated morbidity/mortality/ reduce HIV transmission

Question 13

What are the NRTIs

Answer 13

Abacavir, Emtricitabine, Lamivudine, TAF, TDF

Question 14

Whart are the intergrase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, what boosting agents

Answer 14

Raltegravir, Dolutegravir, Elvitegravir/ Atazanavir and Darunavir, Ritonavir (Norvir) and Cobicstat

Question 15

What is the most common opportunistic infection that has a diffuse infiltrates all over the lungs

Answer 15

PJP/PCP

Question 16

What is the preferred treatment for PJP, what are the alternatives

Answer 16

Bactrim DS 15 mg/kg/day dosed by TMP po TID for 21 DAYS/ Primaquine 30 mg every day PLUS Clindamycin 300-450 TID or QID, Atovaquone suspension 750 mg BID

Question 17

What is a severe symptom of PJP, what else would be given if this is present, what is the schedule

Answer 17

Hpoxemia, if pO2 is less than 70 mmHg then prednisone is recommended, 40 mg BID for 5 days then 40 mg every day 5 days, then 20 mg every day for 11 days

Question 18

What drug can be given IV if by mouth is not available for PJP

Answer 18

Penamidine 3-4 mg/kg/day