Introduction to Infectious Disease Epidemilogy

Question 1

What is the goal of epidemiology, how is this goal accomplished

Answer 1

control or stop epidemics/ collecting data and conducting studies to understand how and why epidemics occur

Question 2

What is the epidemiologic triad

Answer 2

host, agent, and environment

Question 3

What is epidemiology

Answer 3

research of the causes, distribution, and control of diseases as they relate to a particular population

Question 4

What is a population

Answer 4

groups of people

Question 5

What is Incidence

Answer 5

Number of new cases in a given time period expressed as percent infected per year

Question 6

What is prevalence, what factors are need to fine prevalence

Answer 6

Number of cases at a given time expressed as a percent at a given time/ incidence and duration

Question 7

What is Endemic Disease

Answer 7

disease present in a population at all times

Question 8

What is epidemic disease

Answer 8

disease occurrence among a population that is in excess of what is expected in a given time and place

Question 9

What is pandemic disease

Answer 9

Worldwide epidemic: a disease that spreads across regions

Question 10

What is an incubation period

Answer 10

The period between exposure to the agent and onset of infection (with symptoms or signs of infection)

Question 11

What is a persistent infection

Answer 11

A chronic infection with continued low-grade survival and multiplication of the agent

Question 12

What is a latent infection, what is an example of a latent infection

Answer 12

An infection with no active multiplication of the agent, tuberculosis

Question 13

What is a subclinical infection

Answer 13

An infection with no symptoms but is usually diagnosed by antibody response or culture

Question 14

What is immunity

Answer 14

The capacity of a person when exposed to an infectious agent to remain free of infection or clinical illness

Question 15

What is a host

Answer 15

A person or an animal that affords subsistence or lodgement to an infectious agent under natural conditions

Question 16

What is a reservoir

Answer 16

Any person, animal, plant, soil, or substance in which an infectious agent normally lives and multiplies

Question 17

T/F: If an animal or human is a reservoir for a disease it is usually not killed by the organism and reproduction allows for transmission to a host

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What is a vector

Answer 18

Any living carrier that transports an infectious agent from an infected individual or its wastes to a susceptible individual to a susceptible individual

Question 19

What is herd immunity

Answer 19

Immunity of a population or community to invasion and spread of an infectious agent

Question 20

T/F: When 50% of individuals in a population are immune, the propagation between individuals is not sustained and epidemics do not occur

Answer 20

False: When 70% of individuals in a population are immune the propagation between individuals is not sustained and epidemic do not occur

Question 21

What factors lead to the emergence of infectious disease

Answer 21

growth of population, global climate change, war and social disruption, human-animal contact, increased antibiotic use, aging, other infections

Question 22

How can infectious disease spread

Answer 22

Vector, airborne, Food/water, contact

Question 23

What infectious disease are spread by air

Answer 23

Tuberculosis, influenza/parinfluenza, rubella/measles/mumps, legionella

Question 24

What are some pathogens that cause foodborne disease

Answer 24

E. Coli 0157, Salmonella, Campylobacter,