Introduction to Infectious Disease Epidemilogy Flashcards
What is the goal of epidemiology, how is this goal accomplished
control or stop epidemics/ collecting data and conducting studies to understand how and why epidemics occur
What is the epidemiologic triad
host, agent, and environment
What is epidemiology
research of the causes, distribution, and control of diseases as they relate to a particular population
What is a population
groups of people
What is Incidence
Number of new cases in a given time period expressed as percent infected per year
What is prevalence, what factors are need to fine prevalence
Number of cases at a given time expressed as a percent at a given time/ incidence and duration
What is Endemic Disease
disease present in a population at all times
What is epidemic disease
disease occurrence among a population that is in excess of what is expected in a given time and place
What is pandemic disease
Worldwide epidemic: a disease that spreads across regions
What is an incubation period
The period between exposure to the agent and onset of infection (with symptoms or signs of infection)
What is a persistent infection
A chronic infection with continued low-grade survival and multiplication of the agent
What is a latent infection, what is an example of a latent infection
An infection with no active multiplication of the agent, tuberculosis
What is a subclinical infection
An infection with no symptoms but is usually diagnosed by antibody response or culture
What is immunity
The capacity of a person when exposed to an infectious agent to remain free of infection or clinical illness
What is a host
A person or an animal that affords subsistence or lodgement to an infectious agent under natural conditions
What is a reservoir
Any person, animal, plant, soil, or substance in which an infectious agent normally lives and multiplies
T/F: If an animal or human is a reservoir for a disease it is usually not killed by the organism and reproduction allows for transmission to a host
True
What is a vector
Any living carrier that transports an infectious agent from an infected individual or its wastes to a susceptible individual to a susceptible individual
What is herd immunity
Immunity of a population or community to invasion and spread of an infectious agent
T/F: When 50% of individuals in a population are immune, the propagation between individuals is not sustained and epidemics do not occur
False: When 70% of individuals in a population are immune the propagation between individuals is not sustained and epidemic do not occur
What factors lead to the emergence of infectious disease
growth of population, global climate change, war and social disruption, human-animal contact, increased antibiotic use, aging, other infections
How can infectious disease spread
Vector, airborne, Food/water, contact
What infectious disease are spread by air
Tuberculosis, influenza/parinfluenza, rubella/measles/mumps, legionella
What are some pathogens that cause foodborne disease
E. Coli 0157, Salmonella, Campylobacter,
